Table 1.
Photocatalytic hydrogen production over Ti3C2Tx cocatalysts.
| No. | Photocatalysts | Light Source | Reaction Temp. | Scavenger | Reactant Medium | H2 Production Rate (μmol·gcat−1·h−1) | Ref/(Year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | TiO2 nanofibers/ Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (3 wt %) | 300 W Xe lamp | Room temperature (RT) | Methanol | CH3OH/H2O (l, 1:9) |
6979 | [67]/2019 |
| 2 | TiO2 nanofibers | 1831 | |||||
| 3 | Ti3C2Tx nanosheets | ND | |||||
| 4 | F–Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 hybrids | 350 W Xe arc lamp | RT | Glycerin | C3H8O3/H2O (l, 1:9) |
127.1 | [37]/2019 |
| 5 | OH–Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 hybrids | 61.4 | |||||
| 6 | CdS (CT0) | 300 W Xe arc lamp: λ ≥ 420 nm; 80 mW·cm−2 | RT | Lactic acid | C3H6O3/H2O (l, 17.6:62.4) |
105 | [61]/2017 |
| 7 | Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles | ND | |||||
| 8 | 0.05 wt % Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles/CdS (CT0.05) | 993 | |||||
| 9 | 0.1 wt % Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles/CdS (CT0.1) | 1278 | |||||
| 10 | 2.5 wt % Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles/CdS (CT2.5) | 14,342 | |||||
| 11 | 5 wt %Ti3C2Tx nanoparticles/CdS (CT5) | 3377 | |||||
| 12 | Pt/CdS | 10,978 | |||||
| 13 | NiS/CdS | 12,953 | |||||
| 14 | Ni/CdS | 8649 | |||||
| 15 | MoS2/CdS | 6183 | |||||
| 16 | Ti3C2Tx nanosheets modified Zr–MOFs (UiO-66-NH2) | 350 W Xe lamp | RT | S2−/SO32− | 0.1 M Na2S and 0.1 M Na2SO3 | 204 | [82]/2019 |
| 17 | 2 wt % Pt/UiO-66-NH2 | 123 | |||||
| 18 | UiO-66-NH2 | 25.6 | |||||
| 19 | Zn2In2S5/Ti3C2Tx hybrids | 300 W Xe arc lamp: λ ≥ 420 nm; | RT | S2−/SO32− | 0.35 M Na2S and 0.25 M Na2SO3 | 2596.8 | [92]/2019 |
| 20 | Ti3C2Tx/TiO2/UiO-66-NH2 hybrid | 300 W Xe lamp (PerkinElmer): 350 < λ < 780 nm | 5 °C | S2−/SO32− | 0.1 M Na2S and 0.1 M Na2SO3 | 1980 | [88]/2019 |
| 21 | Ti3C2Tx/UiO-66-NH2 | 1320 | |||||
| 22 | UiO-66-NH2 | 942.9 | |||||
| 23 | MoxS@TiO2@Ti3C2Tx composite | 300 W Xe arc lamp: an AM1.5 filter; 180 mW·cm−2 within a range of 200–1200 nm. | 25 °C | Triethanolamine (TEOA) | TEOA in aqueous acetone | 10505.8 | [46]/2020 |
| 24 | Cu/TiO2@Ti3C2Tx | 300W Xe lamp (CEL-HXF 300E) | RT | Methanol | CH3OH/H2O (l, 1:14) | 764 | [89]/ 2018 |
| 25 | TiO2@Ti3C2Tx | 65 | |||||
| 26 | 1T–MoS2 nanopatch/Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 nanosheet | 300 W Xe arc lamp: an AM1.5 filter; 180 mW·cm−2 within a range of 200–1200 nm. | 25 °C | TEOA | TEOA/Acetone/H2O (l, 1:3:16) | 9738 | [90]/2019 |
| 27 | Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 nanosheet | 898 | |||||
| 28 | TiO2 nanosheet | 74 | |||||
| 29 | 1T–WS2@TiO2@ Ti3C2Tx | 300 W Xe arc lamp: an AM-1.5 filter | 25 °C | TEOA | TEOA/Acetone/H2O (l, 1:3:16) | 3409.8 | [91]/2019 |
| 30 | TiO2 | 67.8 | |||||
| 31 | ternary Cu2O/(001) TiO2@Ti3C2Tx | 300 W Xe lamp (CEL-HXF 300E) | RT | Methanol | CH3OH/H2O (l, 1:14) | 1496 | [92]/2019 |
| 32 | (001) TiO2@ Ti3C2Tx | 165 | |||||
| 33 | Ti3C2Tx@TiO2@MoS2 composites | 300 W Xe arc lamp (CELHXF300): an AM1.5 filter | 25 °C | TEOA | TEOA in aqueous acetone | 6425.3 | [95]/2019 |
| 34 | Ti3C2Tx@TiO2 | 898.1 | |||||
| 35 | TiO2/Ti3C2Tx/CoS | 300 W Xe arc lamp | RT | Methanol | CH3OH/H2O (l, 1:4) | 950 | [95]/2019 |
| 36 | TiO2 | 140 | |||||
| 37 | CoS | 10 | |||||
| 38 | TiO2/Ti3C2Tx | 330 | |||||
| 39 | TiO2/CoS | 540 | |||||
| 40 | g–C3N4/Ti3C2Tx/Pt | 300 W Xe arc lamp | RT | TEOA | TEOA/H2O (l, 1:9) |
5100 | [45]/2018 |
| 41 | g–C3N4/Ti3C2Tx | 1700 | |||||
| 42 | g–C3N4/Pt | 1275 | |||||
| 43 | g–C3N4@Ti3C2Tx quantum dots | 300 W Xe arc lamp (CELHXF300): an AM-1.5 filter | RT | TEOA | TEOA/H2O (l, 3:17) |
5111.8 | [55]/2019 |
| 44 | g–C3N4 | 196.8 | |||||
| 45 | Pt/g–C3N4 | 1896.4 | |||||
| 46 | Ti3C2Tx/O-doped g–C3N4 | 300 W Xe lamp | RT | TEOA | TEOA (l) | 25,124 | [87]/2019 |
| 47 | O-doped g–C3N4 | 13,745 | |||||
| 48 | Ti3C2Tx/g–C3N4 | 15,573 | |||||
| 49 | Ti3C2Tx/TiO2/g–C3N4 nanocomposites | 300 W Xe lamp: λ > 420 nm | 25 °C | TEOA | TEOA/H2O (l, 2:17) |
1620 | [93]/2018 |
| 50 | g–C3N4 | 670 | |||||
| 51 | CdLa2S4/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite | 300 W Xe lamp: a high-pass filter (λ > 420 nm) | RT | S2−/SO32− | 0.35 M Na2S and 0.25 M Na2SO3 | 11,182.4 | [81]/2019 |
| 52 | Pt/CdLa2S4 | 1734.7 | |||||
| 53 | CdLa2S4 | 832 | |||||
| 54 | Ti3C2Tx | ND | |||||
| 55 | CdS nanorod/ Ti3C2Tx nanosheet | 300 W Xe lamp (PerkinElmer): a cut-off filter (λ > 420 nm) | 6 °C | Lactic acid | C3H6O3/H2O (l, 1:9) | 2407 | [79]/2019 |
| 56 | CdS nanorod | 360 | |||||
| 57 | ZnS nanoparticles/Ti3C2Tx nanosheets | 300 W Xe lamp | RT | Lactic acid | C3H6O3/H2O (l, 1:4) | 502.6 | [80]/2019 |
| 58 | ZnS nanoparticles | 124.6 | |||||
| 59 | ZnO nanorods /Ti3C2Tx hybrids | 300 W Xe lamp: λ > 420 nm | RT | Ethanol | C2H5OH/H2O (l, 3:16) | 456 | [68]/2020 |
| 60 | ZnO nanorods | ND | |||||
| 61 | CdS/MoS2/Ti3C2Tx composites | 300 W Xe lamp (CELHXF300): a cut-off filter (λ > 420 nm) | RT | S2−/SO32− | 0.25 M Na2S and 0.35 M Na2SO3 | 9679 | [94]/2019 |
| 62 | plasma-Ti3C2Tx/CdS hybrids | 300 W arc Xe lamp (PLSSXE300): a UV cut-off filter (λ > 420 nm); | RT | Lactic acid | C3H6O3/H2O (l, 1:9) | 825 | [62]/2019 |
| 63 | Ti3C2Tx/CdS hybrids | 473 | |||||
| 64 | g–C3N4/plasma-Ti3C2Tx | 350 W Xe lamp: a UV cut-off filter (λ > 400 nm); 70 mW·cm−2 | RT | TEOA | TEOA/H2O (l, 1:9) |
17.8 | [63]/2020 |
| 65 | g–C3N4/Ti3C2Tx | 7.5 | |||||
| 66 | g–C3N4 | 0.7 | |||||
| 67 | TiO2/Ti3C2Tx@AC-48 h composite | 350 W Xe lamp (AHD 350): a cut-off filter (λ > 400 nm) | RT | Ascorbic acid (AA) | 29 mg·mL−1 AA with the sensitization of 1 mM EY in aqueous solution | 33.4 | [98]/2019 |
| 68 | 1% Pt/TiO2 | 0.7 | |||||
| 69 | TiO2/Ti3C2Tx@AC-48 h composite | 29 mg·mL−1 AA in aqueous solution | 0.3 |