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Relationships of the dose enhancement ratio (DER) and nanoparticle concentration vary with different materials using the (a) 6 MV and (b) 10 MV photon beams. Gold, platinum, iodine, silver, and iron oxide nanoparticles with concentrations equal to 3, 7, 18, 30, and 40 mg/ml were used. The DER was calculated as the ratio of the target dose with nanoparticle addition to the target dose without nanoparticle addition under the same simulation configuration.
