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. 2020 Mar 25;10(4):605. doi: 10.3390/nano10040605

Table 5.

Results of individual studies: ALP activity.

Studies Type of Study Biomaterials Bone Regeneration Measurement Results
[21] In vivo (calvarial bone defects of rats)
  • a)

    nanohydroxyapatite-coated genipin-chitosan conjunction scaffold + 1 × 107/mL PDLSCs

  • b)

    genipin-chitosan framework + 1 × 107/mL PDLSCs

 ALP activity of PDLSCs (U/gprot = unit/gram protein) at day 7
  • a)

    ALP activity = 30 U/gprot

  • b)

    ALP activity = 25 U/gprot
[24] In vitro
  • a)

    0.4g hydroxyapatite-0.5g chitosan-0.5g gelatin (Sigma-Chemical Co. St. Louis, MO) + hMSCs

ALP activity of hMSCs (µmol/(106 cells x min) at day 14
  • a)

    µmol/(106 cells x min = 2.4
[34] In vitro
  • a)

    Bilayered construct consisting of PCL (Poly Sciences, Warrington, PA) multiscale electrospun membrane + 2 g CS (Koyo Chemical, Japan) hydrogel/2 wt% CaSO4 (Fischer Scientific, USA) scaffold

  • b)

    CS control(Koyo Chemical, Japan) scaffold

 ALP to evaluate the differentiation of hDFCs to OB at day 7
  • a)

    ALP protein concentration = 8 ng/mg

  • b)

    ALP protein concentration = 3.5 ng/mg
[35] In vitro/in vivo
  • a)

    CS- based trilayer porous scaffold

  • b)

    Control scaffolds

 ALP assay of OB on the different compartments after day 7
  • a)

    OB = 460 pNpp/nmol min

  • b)

    OB = 480 pNpp/nmol min

ALP = alkaline phosphatase activity; CS = chitosan; hDFCs = human dental follicle stem cells; hMSCs = human mesenchymal stem cells; OB = osetoblasts; PCL = polycaprolactone; PDLSCs = periodontal ligament stem cells.