Table 3.
Unstandardized Coefficients B With 95% CI for Relationships of Vision Impairment, Hearing Impairment, and Dual Sensory Impairment at Baseline in 2008 With Changes in Cognitive Performance Between 2008 and 2014.
| Hearing impairment and cognitive function (n = 4,621) | Unstandardized coefficient B (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| M1: adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognitive function | 0.83 [0.29, 1.37] | <.01 |
| M2: M1 + wealth, education | 0.73 [0.19, 1.27] | .01 |
| M3: M2 + alcohol, smoking, physical activity, BMI | 0.66 [0.12, 1.20] | .02 |
| M4: M3 + CVD, diabetes, hypertension | 0.64 [0.10, 1.18] | .02 |
| M5: M4 + falls, mobility | 0.59 [0.05, 1.14] | .03 |
| M6: M5 + depression, lack of companionship | 0.57 [0.03, 1.12] | .04 |
| Vision impairment and cognitive function (n = 4,621) | Unstandardized coefficient B (95% CI) | p value |
| M1: adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognitive function | 1.61 [0.92, 2.29] | <.01 |
| M2: M1 + wealth, education | 1.19 [0.49, 1.88] | <.01 |
| M3: M2 + alcohol, smoking, physical activity, BMI | 0.99 [0.29, 1.69] | .01 |
| M4: M3 + CVD, diabetes, hypertension | 0.96 [0.26, 1.66] | .01 |
| M5: M4 + falls, mobility | 0.94 [0.24, 1.64] | .01 |
| M6: M5 + depression, lack of companionship | 0.93 [0.22, 1.64] | .01 |
| Dual sensory impairment and cognitive function (n = 3,641) | Unstandardized coefficient B (95% CI) | p value |
| M1: adjusted for age, sex, baseline cognitive function | 2.30 [1.21, 3.39] | <.01 |
| M2: M1 + wealth, education | 1.86 [0.77, 2.95] | <.01 |
| M3: M2 + alcohol, smoking, physical activity, BMI | 1.67 [0.57, 2.76] | <.01 |
| M4: M3 + CVD, diabetes, hypertension | 1.64 [0.55, 2.74] | <.01 |
| M5: M4 + falls, mobility | 1.51 [0.41, 2.61] | .01 |
| M6: M5 + depression, lack of companionship | 1.59 [0.47, 2.71] | .01 |
Note. BMI = Body Mass Index; CI = Confidence Interval; M = Model; CVD = Cardiovascular Disease.