Table 1.

Summary of nanoparticles (NPs) effects in in vitro model of osteosarcoma.

Nanoparticles Type	Osteosarcoma Cell Line	Effect	Additional Comment	Reference
Gold NPs 24.3 nm capped with advance glycation products	Saos-2	Cytotoxicity		[19]
Gold NPs rods Gold NPs stars Gold NPs spheres	143B MG63	Cytotoxicity Apoptosis induction	Cytotoxicity was shape-dependent	[20]
Citrate silver NPs 5 nm and 35 nm	U2OS Saos-2	Cytotoxicity Proliferation inhibition Mitochondrial stress and apoptosis induction	Cytotoxicity was size-dependent   NPs were more effective than cisplatin	[23]
Copper NPs 10 nm	Saos-2	Cytotoxicity		[24]
Titanium oxide NPs 3,8 nm	U2OS	Cytotoxicity Increased ROS production Depletion of GSH		[25]
Titanium oxide NPs 15 nm	UMR-106	Cytotoxicity NPs were present in phagocytic vesicle within the cells		[26]
Aluminium oxide NPs 50 nm	UMR-106	Cytotoxicity NPs were present in phagocytic vesicle within the cells		[26]
Dextran coated cerium oxide NPs 3–4 nm	MG63	Cytotoxicity Increased ROS production	Cytotoxicity was pH-dependent   Cells were more susceptible to NPs in an acidic environment	[27]
Zinc oxide NPs 22 nm	MG63	Cytotoxicity Increased ROS production Apoptosis induction		[28]
Cerium oxide NPs 26 nm	MG63	Cytotoxicity Increased ROS production Apoptosis induction		[28]
Fucoidan NPs 100 nm	C3H	Cytotoxicity Apoptosis induction	Fucoidan in NPs were more effective than fucoidan itself	[29]
Hydroxyapatite NPs 40 nm	MG63	Selective cytotoxicity only to cancer cells   Ultrastructure changes	HA-NPs were cytotoxic to osteosarcoma cells and stimulated the growth of healthy osteoblast	[30]