Inhibitory effects of pKAL in combination with the JNK or JAK2 inhibitor on the expression of stem cell markers (CD44 and Oct 3/4), β-catenin, and the activity of MMP-9 in both parental and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. The cells were treated with indicated concentrations of pKAL for the indicated concentrations of pKAL for 24 h. The expressions of CD44 (A), Oct3/4 (B) and β-catenin (C), and the activity of MMP-9 (D) were measured as described in the Figure 2 legend. The values are expressed as the means ± SEM from three independent determinations (** p < 0.01 vs. control for parental MDA-MB-231 cells, #
p < 0.05 vs. control for RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, and ##
p < 0.01 vs. control for RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells).