Table 1.
Comparison of the Young’s modulus of epoxy matrix nanocomposites.
| Nanomaterial | Content | Modulus (GPa) |
Increase Rate (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry CNF | 0 | 3.23 | This study | |
| 0.73 vol % | 3.30 | 2.1 | ||
| 2.2 vol % | 3.54 | 10 | ||
| 3.7 vol % | 3.85 | 19 | ||
| Silica | 0 | 2.96 | [20] | |
| 2.5 vol % | 3.20 | 8.1 | ||
| 4.9 vol % | 3.42 | 16 | ||
| 7.1 vol % | 3.57 | 21 | ||
| 9.6 vol % | 3.60 | 22 | ||
| 13.4 vol % | 3.85 | 30 | ||
| CNT | 0 | 2.90 | [21] | |
| 0.1 wt.% | 3.01 | 3.8 | ||
| 0.2 wt.% | 3.11 | 7.2 | ||
| 0.3 wt.% | 3.26 | 12 | ||
| Aligned CNT | 0 | 2.5 | [24] | |
| 4.5 vol % | 19 | 660 | ||
| 8.4 vol % | 32 | 1180 | ||
| 21.4 vol % | 50 | 1900 | ||
| 0 | 2.69 | [22] | ||
| Graphene (GP) | 4.0 wt.% | 2.89 | 7.4 | |
| Surface-modified GP | 4.0 wt.% | 3.27 | 22 | |
| Clay | 0 | 3.53 | [23] | |
| 2.0 wt.% | 3.58 | 1.4 | ||
| 5.0 wt.% | 3.66 | 3.7 | ||
| CNF slurry | 0 | 2.20 * | [11] | |
| 0 | 2.20 * | 26 | ||
| 0.25 vol % | 3.67 * | 67 | ||
| 0.74 vol % | 2.84 * | 29 |
* Flexural modulus.