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. 2020 Apr 27;30(1):41–53. doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01536-1

Box 4 Showing perpetuating factors in PRS (n = 79), 1991–2018

Perpetuating factors Frequency
Family relocation 49 (62%)
Stress associated with asylum process 41 (52%)
Enmeshed parent–child relationship 25 (32%)
Mental disorder in parents 22 (28%)
Living in an intolerable home environment, e.g., difficult home life—parental discord, bullying 15 (19%)
Bereavement/unresolved grief 7 (9%)
Chronic physical illness 3 (4%)