Box 4 Showing perpetuating factors in PRS (n = 79), 1991–2018
| Perpetuating factors | Frequency |
|---|---|
| Family relocation | 49 (62%) |
| Stress associated with asylum process | 41 (52%) |
| Enmeshed parent–child relationship | 25 (32%) |
| Mental disorder in parents | 22 (28%) |
| Living in an intolerable home environment, e.g., difficult home life—parental discord, bullying | 15 (19%) |
| Bereavement/unresolved grief | 7 (9%) |
| Chronic physical illness | 3 (4%) |