Table 3.
NAATs available for the detection of NTM
| NAAT kits | MTBC | NTM (identified by numbers in legend) | Drug resistance | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NTM + MDRTB Detection Kit 2 (Nipro Co., Japan) |
Yes | 6, 25, 26, |
For MTBC: - RIF (rpoB gene) - INH (katG and inhA genes) |
• Commonly used to detect MDR-TB [280] |
| GenoType Mycobacterium Common Mycobacteria (CM) (Hain Lifescience, Germany) | Yes | 2, 6, 9, 13, 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, 46. | No |
• GenoType CM/AS was 96% (211/219) concordance with 16S rDNA sequencing. GenoType CM alone identified 88% (192/219) isolates [281] • GenoType CM/AS was 99.3% sensitive and 98.3% specific for rapid differentiation of MTBC and NTM [282] • GenoType CM/AS successfully identified 75 NTM isolates except for one due to unavailability of specific probe for the target [283] • Genotype CM correctly identified 74/76 strains (97.4%) except for M. intracellulare serovar 7 and M. kansasii sequevar VI [284] • Genotype AS correctly identified 26/28 (92.9%) except for two M. celatum II strains [284] |
|
GenoType Mycobacterium Additional Species (AS) (Hain Lifescience, Germany) |
No | 3, 8, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 32, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 44 | ||
|
Real-Q NTM-ID kit (BioSewoom Inc., South Korea) |
No | 1, 6, 9, 13, 20, 25, 26, 31. | No | • Identified NTM: 97% (223/230) concordance with multi-gene sequence-based typing [285] |
| INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA (Innogenetics, Belgium) | Yes | 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 16, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 30, 36, 38, 39, 46. | No |
• 100% sensitive and specific for genus-specific probes [286] • 100% sensitive and 94.4% specific for species-specific probes—probes for M. fortuitum complex, MAIS and M. intracellulare type 2 cross-react with other mycobacteria [286] |
|
GenoType NTM-DR (Hain Lifescience, Germany) |
No | 2, 6, 9, 12, 25 |
For NTM: - macrolides [rrl and erm (41) genes] - aminoglycosides (rrs gene) |
• Identified NTM: 98% (100/102) concordance with Sanger sequencing and 94.1% (96/102) concordance with phenotypic susceptibility testing for drug resistance [287] |
|
DR. TBDR/NTM IVD kit (DR. Chip Corporation, Taiwan) |
Yes | 1, 3, 6, 9, 13, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, 40, 46. |
For MTBC: - RIF (rpoB gene) |
• Identified Mtb: 89.5% (17/19) [288] • Correctly identified M. abscessus, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, and M. kansasii isolates, but misidentified two M. chelonae and one MAC isolates [288] • Failed to differentiate between M. abscessus (sensu stricto), M. massiliense, and M. bolletii [288] |
| CapitalBio Mycobacteria Real-Time PCR Detection Kit (CapitalBio Corporation, China) | Yes | 5, 6, 10, 13, 18, 20, 25, 26, 30, 33, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 46 | No |
• Identified MTBC: 100% (358/358) • Identified NTM: 98.4% (126/128) [289] |
|
REBA Myco ID (YD Diagnostics, South Korea) |
Yes | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14, 17, 20, 25, 26, 31, 33, 36, 40, 43, 45 | No |
• Identified MTBC: 100% (358/358) • Identified NTM: 98.4% (126/128) [290] |
(Mycobacterial species) 1. abscessus, 2. abscessus complex, 3. asciaticum, 4. aubagnense, 5. aurum, 6. avium, 7. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum-(MAIS), 8. celatum, 9. chelonae, 10. chelonae/abscessus, 11. chelonae-complex, 12. chimaera, 13. fortuitum, 14. fortuitum complex, 15. gastri, 16. genavense, 17. genavense/simiae, 18. gilvum, 19. goodie, 20. gordonae, 21. haemophilum, 22. heckeshornense, 23. interjectum, 24. intermedium, 25. intracellulare, 26. kansasii, 27. lentiflavum, 28. malmoense, 29. marinum, 30. marinum/ulcerans, 31. massilience, 32. mucogenicum, 33. nonchromogenicum, 34. peregrinum, 35. phlei, 36. scrofulaceum, 37. shimoidei, 38. simiae, 39. smegmatis, 40. szulgai, 41. szulgai/malmoense, 42. terrae, 43. terrae/nonchromogenicum, 44. ulcerans, 45. ulcerans/marinum, 46. xenopi