Table 10.
Description and summary statistics of variables
| Variable | Descriptions | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic diversity | Index of ethnic fractionalisation | 0.492 | 0.237 |
| Polarisation | Index of ethnic polarisation | 0.682 | 0.244 |
| PGSI | Problem Gambling Severity Index Scores (9-item scale with maximum score of 27) | 0.290 | 1.515 |
| Risk status | 1–4 gambling risk scale based on PGSI scores. 1 means ‘non-problem gambler’, 2 means ‘low risk gambler’, 3 means ‘moderate-risk gambler’, 4 means ‘problem gambler’ | 1.122 | 0.469 |
| No problem | Dummy variable if respondent is a PGSI non-problem gambler (PGSI score 0) | 0.924 | 0.265 |
| Low-risk | Dummy variable if respondent is a PGSI low-risk gambler (PGSI score 1 or 2) | 0.040 | 0.197 |
| Medium-risk | Dummy variable if respondent is a PGSI moderate-risk gambler (PGSI score 3 to 7) | 0.025 | 0.156 |
| Problem gambler | Dummy variable if respondent is a PGSI problem gambler (PGSI score 8 or above) | 0.011 | 0.102 |
| Expenditure | Gambling related expenditure as a share of income | 0.009 | 0.031 |
| Activities | Number of gambling activities respondent participated in within the last 12 months | 0.601 | 0.957 |
| Age | Age of respondent | 45.522 | 18.907 |
| Male | Dummy variable if respondent is male | 0.466 | 0.499 |
| Female | Dummy variable if respondent is female | 0.534 | 0.499 |
| Dependants | Number of dependents in household aged 0–24 | 0.577 | 0.997 |
| Separated | Dummy variable if respondent is separated | 0.026 | 0.159 |
| Divorced | Dummy variable if respondent is divorced | 0.060 | 0.238 |
| Widowed | Dummy variable if respondent is widowed | 0.047 | 0.212 |
| Single | Dummy variable if respondent is single | 0.242 | 0.428 |
| Married/de facto | Dummy variable if respondent is married or in a de facto relationship | 0.625 | 0.484 |
| Income | Log of household income | 11.255 | 0.729 |
| Employed | Dummy variable if respondent is employed | 0.628 | 0.483 |
| Unemployed | Dummy variable if respondent is unemployed | 0.046 | 0.211 |
| Not in Labour Force | Dummy variable if respondent is not in labour force | 0.326 | 0.469 |
| Postgraduate | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is masters or doctorate | 0.052 | 0.223 |
| Graduate diploma | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is graduate diploma or certificate | 0.056 | 0.230 |
| Bachelor | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is bachelor or honours | 0.142 | 0.349 |
| Diploma | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is advanced diploma or diploma | 0.094 | 0.292 |
| Certificate | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is certificate I, II, III or IV | 0.226 | 0.418 |
| Year 12 | Dummy variable if respondent’s highest education level achieved is year 12 or below | 0.430 | 0.358 |
| Disability | Dummy variable if respondent is disabled or has a long-term illness | 0.242 | 0.428 |
| Alcohol | Dummy variable if respondent drinks alcohol | 0.202 | 0.401 |
| Australian | Dummy variable if respondent is Australian | 0.556 | 0.497 |
| Urban | Dummy variable if respondent lives in an urban area | 0.873 | 0.333 |
| Extraversion | Big 5 extraversion personality trait | 4.445 | 1.019 |
| Agreeableness | Big 5 agreeableness personality trait | 5.401 | 0.841 |
| Conscientiousness | Big 5 conscientiousness personality trait | 5.084 | 0.955 |
| Emotional Stability | Big 5 emotional stability personality trait | 5.167 | 1.001 |
| Openness | Big 5 openness personality trait | 4.232 | 0.988 |
| Financial risk | Ordinal scale of financial risk (reverse coded). 1 means ‘Takes substantial risks expecting substantial returns’, 2 means ‘Takes above-average risks expecting above-average returns’, 3 means ‘Takes average financial risks expecting average returns’, 4 means ‘Not willing to take financial risks’ | 3.570 | 0.662 |