Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the rehospitalization and non-rehospitalization groups
| Total (N = 190) |
Rehospitalization (n = 58) |
Non-rehospitalization (n = 132) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 80.7 (8.5) | 79.8 (8.3) | 81.2 (8.6) | 0.298 |
| Gender (M/F) | 79/111 | 17/41 | 62/70 | 0.095 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9 (3.4) | 20.1 (3.1) | 21.3 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| SBP at admission (mmHg) | 140 (30.5) | 134 (32.3) | 142 (29.4) | 0.262 |
| Admission to mobilization days | 4.2 (2.8) | 5.1 (3.5) | 3.9 (2.4) | 0.006 |
| MMSE | 24.5 (4.9) | 23.9 (5.4) | 24.6 (4.7) | 0.429 |
| GNRI | 92.8 (11.9) | 89.1 (10.2) | 93.5 (11.2) | 0.010 |
| Cause of heart failure (%) | 0.353 | |||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 28.4 | 36.2 | 25.0 | |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 30.0 | 29.3 | 30.3 | |
| Hypertensive cardiomyopathy | 16.3 | 12.0 | 18.2 | |
| Arrythmia | 16.3 | 13.7 | 17.4 | |
| Others | 9.0 | 8.8 | 9.1 | |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 52.1 | 49.3 | 55.3 | 0.175 |
| Diabetes | 37.8 | 31.1 | 38.6 | 0.695 |
| CKD | 59.4 | 62.0 | 58.3 | 0.437 |
| Stroke | 14.2 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 0.363 |
| Pharmacotherapy (%) | ||||
| ACEi/ARB | 50.5 | 46.5 | 52.2 | 0.443 |
| β-blocker | 80.0 | 81.0 | 79.1 | 0.331 |
| Diuretics | 82.6 | 89.6 | 79.5 | 0.386 |
| Statin | 25.7 | 32.7 | 22.7 | 0.303 |
| Oral diabetic agent | 17.8 | 22.4 | 15.9 | 0.513 |
| Serum hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.7 (2.1) | 11.2 (1.8) | 11.9 (2.1) | 0.023 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.5 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.5) | 0.071 |
| Serum Sodium (mEq/l) | 139 (4.4) | 139 (4.5) | 139 (4.5) | 0.996 |
| eGFR | 45.3 (19.4) | 41.4 (20.7) | 47.1 (18.6) | 0.065 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 6965 (8021) | 9820 (9018) | 5711 (7228) | 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 53.9 (18.2) | 49.4 (20.7) | 55.6 (16.4) | 0.030 |
| Grip (kg) | 19.2 (7.4) | 18.1 (6.1) | 19.7 (7.9) | 0.116 |
| 6-min walking distance (m) | 272 (121) | 265 (113) | 276 (125) | 0.563 |
| Walking speed (m/s) | 0.85 (0.32) | 0.87 (0.31) | 0.85 (0.33) | 0.476 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation)
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, MMSE mini-mental state examination, GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index, CKD chronic kidney disease, ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction