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. 2020 Jan 3;74(8):1122–1131. doi: 10.1038/s41430-019-0552-4

Table 1.

Characteristic of included studies.

Author (Year) Country BW GA Dosage (ml) Interval (h) Duration (days) Control Sample size (E/C) Primary outcomes Secondary outcomes
NEC Late-onset Sepsis Death Time to reach full enteral feeding (days) (E/C) Duration of hospital stay (days) (E/C)
Abd-Elgawad et al. [22] Egypt

<1500 g

<32 weeks

0.2 ml/ 2~4 h/ NG No intervention 100/100 3/8 8/13 11/16

11.10 ± 2.1 days

15.57 ± 1.5 days

46.0 ± 5 days

61.6 ± 9 days

Ferreira et al. [17] Brazil

<1500 g

<34 weeks

0.2 ml/ 2 h/ 2 days Placebo 47/66 1/1 21/34 2/8

20 (18–26) days

24 (18–25) days;

66.0 (48–84) days

64.5 (49–79) days

Sharma et al. [33] India

<1250 g

≤30 weeks

0.2 ml/ 2 h/ 3 days No intervention 59/58 0/3 8/10 3/4

10.1 ± 5.7 days

10.7 ± 4.3 days

34.2 ± 5.7 days

41.5 ± 6.7 days

Zhang et al. [23] China  ≤1250 g 0.2 ml/ 4 h/ 7 days Placebo 27/28 1/5 3/6 NG

24.71 ± 11.23 days

32.72 ± 20.11 days

NG
Glass et al. [18] America <1500 g 0.2 ml/ 3 h/ 5 days Placebo 17/13 3/2 5/3 NG

24.2 ± 7.9 days

24.9 ± 9.4 days

NG
Romano-Keeler et al. [35] America <32 weeks 0.2 ml/ 6 h/ 5 days No intervention 48/51 2/1 1/3 NG

11 (8–15) days

11 (9–19) days

NG
Sohn et al. (2015) America <1500 g 0.2 ml/ 2 h/ 2 days No intervention 6/6 2/1 0/2 0/1 NG NG
Lee et al. [34] Korea <28 weeks 0.2 ml/ 3 h/ 3 days Placebo 24/24 4/6 11/14 3/6

20 (13–27) days

17(14.3–25.8) days

89(69.3–109.8) days

81.5(56.5–99) days

Rodriguez et al. [37] America

<1000 g

<28 weeks

0.2 ml/ 2 h/ 2 days Placebo 9/6 0/0 3/0 2/0

14.29 ± 5.74 days

24.17 ± 8.66 days

101.43 ± 44.26 days

85.33 ± 32.96 days

NG not given, BW birth weight, GA gestation age, E experimental group, C control group