Figure 2.

Corylin reduces VCAM-1 expression in TNF-α-treated HUVECs and VSMCs through reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition. (A) HUVECs and VSMCs were treated with 20 µM corylin (C20), 2 or 5 mM NAC (NAC2 or 5), and 5 or 10 µM DPI (DPI5 or 10) and then treated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α (T) for another 30 min or 3 h. The treated cells were stained with H₂DCFDA or DHE. The intracellular ROS levels were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Nuclei were labeled with Hoechst (blue). (B) HUVECs and VSMCs were pretreated (1 h) with corylin (C20) and then treated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α (T) for 6 h. Western blot analysis and quantification of NOX1 and NOX4 protein expression. (C) HUVECs and VSMCs were treated with 20 µM corylin (C20), 2 or 5 mM NAC, and 5 or 10 µM DPI and then treated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α (T) for 24 h. Western blot analysis for VCAM-1 and quantification of VCAM-1 to GAPDH or β-actin in HUVECs or VSMCs. * p < 0.05 versus the untreated group (CTRL). ^† p < 0.05 versus the TNF-α-treated group. Scale bars = 100 μm (A).