Table 9.
Antioxidant activity of C. × clementina peels.
| Sample | DPPH Test IC50 (µg/mL) |
ABTS Test IC50 µg/mL) |
β-Carotene Bleaching Test IC50 (µg/mL) |
FRAP μM Fe (II)/g |
RACI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t = 30 min | t = 60 min | |||||
| BC1 | 105.66 ± 4.01**** | 14.82 ± 1.22**** | 32.52 ± 1.93**** | 11.22 ± 1.08**** | 23.51 ± 1.77**** | −0.55 |
| BC2 | 52.58 ± 2.32**** | 8.22 ± 0.84**** | 75.03 ± 2.77**** | 22.86 ± 1.93**** | 28.48 ± 1.83**** | −0.37 |
| BC3 | 45.79 ± 2.14**** | 15.06 ± 1.62 | 16.47 ± 1.85**** | 12.53 ± 1.17**** | 34.28 ± 1.95**** | −0.59 |
| BC4 | 117.86 ± 4.07**** | 17.54 ± 1.91**** | 90.99 ± 3.93**** | 12.53 ± 1.26**** | 26.26 ± 1.77**** | −0.43 |
| BC5 | 140.39 ± 4.35**** | 21.03 ± 1.79**** | 18.26 ± 1.81**** | 10.47 ± 1.08**** | 23.19 ± 1.63**** | 0.02 |
| BC6 | 308.55 ± 6.12**** | 24.13 ± 2.03**** | 91.92 ± 3.98 | 47.22 ± 2.21**** | 6.13 ± 0.61**** | 0.51 |
| BR1 | 68.13 ± 2.43**** | 15.21 ± 1.23**** | 36.84 ± 1.94**** | 11.45 ± 1.16**** | 30.97 ± 1.97**** | −0.46 |
| BR2 | 81.26 ± 3.41**** | 10.97 ± 1.05**** | 68.75 ± 2.96**** | 58.52 ± 2.57**** | 25.78 ± 1.73**** | −0.05 |
| BR3 | 113.17 ± 4.03 | 9.47 ± 0.97**** | 8.78 ± 0.83**** | 19.38 ± 1.83**** | 54.95 ± 2.14 | −0.51 |
| BR4 | 83.14 ± 3.61**** | 20.25± 1.94**** | 96.8 ± 3.18**** | 89.39 ± 3.82**** | 40.46 ± 2.47**** | −0.10 |
| BR5 | 125.37 ± 4.11**** | 11.76 ± 1.13**** | 43.22 ± 2.11**** | 72.4 ± 2.71**** | 21.13 ± 1.03**** | 1.20 |
| BR6 | 370.3 ± 6.74**** | 26.30 ± 2.07**** | 55.7 ± 2.53**** | 10.37 ± 0.93**** | 23.91 ± 1.74**** | 0.48 |
| BO1 | 259.57 ± 5.31**** | 31.50 ± 2.11**** | 71.00 ± 2.64**** | 11.41 ± 0.94**** | 6.48 ± 0.62**** | 0.20 |
| BO2 | 174.17 ± 4.43**** | 28.37 ± 2.07**** | 72.78 ± 2.75**** | 64.15 ± 2.76**** | 21.26 ± 1.71**** | 0.63 |
| BO3 | 212.65 ± 3.83**** | 15.21 ± 1.13**** | 87.98 ± 2.83 | 39.09 ± 2.17**** | 27.39 ± 1.37**** | −0.18 |
| BO4 | 169.48 ± 4.87**** | 14.05 ± 1.25**** | 87.98 ± 3.61**** | 39.09 ± 2.16**** | 26.1 ± 1.83**** | 0.15 |
| BO5 | 212.65 ± 4.52**** | 8.22 ± 0.89**** | 58.33 ± 2.59**** | 12.90 ± 0.95**** | 27.39 ± 1.85**** | −0.21 |
| BO6 | 333.7 ± 6.01**** | 18.31 ± 1.91**** | 61.8 ± 2.62**** | 11.78 ± 1.02**** | 25.38 ± 1.71**** | 0.25 |
| Positive control | ||||||
| Ascorbic acid 5.0 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.06 | |||||
| Propyl gallate | 0.0 9 ± 0.004 | 0.09 ± 0.004 | ||||
| BHT | 82.43± 1.52 | |||||
Data are expressed as means ± S.D. (n = 3). Differences within and between groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by a multicomparison Dunnett’s test α = 0.05): ****p < 0.0001, compared with the positive controls.