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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Birth Defects Res. 2019 Mar 28;111(11):630–639. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1489

TABLE 1.

Count and percent of cases and live births to foreign-born mothers by race/ethnicity, 1999–2007

Non-Hispanic white
Hispanic (Total)
Hispanic (Mexican)a
Non-Hispanic black
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific islander
Totalb
State Years FB FB + US (% FB) FB FB + US (% FB) FB FB + US (% FB) FB FB + US (% FB) FB FB + US (% FB) FB FB + US (% FB)
Arizona 1999–2007 Cases 172 3,866 (4.4) 2,270 3,854 (58.9) 2,170 3,677 (59.0) 21 233 (9.0) 150 178 (84.3) 2,613 8,131 (32.1)
Arizona 1999–2007 Live births 17,811 351,285 (5.1) 209,877 352,507 (59.5) 200,099 333,613 (60.0) 3,155 25,192 (12.5) 16,572 20,696 (80.1) 247,415 749,680 (33.0)
Colorado 1999–2007 Cases 266 5,765 (4.6) 1,098 2,306 (47.6) 1,001 1,763 (56.8) 78 346 (22.5) 168 205 (82.0) 1,610 8,622 (18.7)
Colorado 1999–2007 Live births 22,177 374,165 (5–9) 97,179 185,111 (52.5) 88,419 142,532 (62.0) 4,645 25,653 (18.1) 16,169 19,620 (82.4) 140,170 604,549 (23.2)
Florida 1999–2007 Cases 731 13,855 (5.3) 3,519 5,368 (65.6) 746 1,181 (63.2) 1,035 4,392 (23.6) 339 393 (86.3) 5,624 24,008 (23.4)
Florida 1999–2007 Live births 68,877 936,812 (7.4) 356,266 505,528 (70.5) 95,709 126,774 (75.5) 106,651 418,839 (25.5) 43,623 49,072 (88.9) 575,417 1,910,251 (30.1)
Illinois 1999–2007 Cases 513 7,202 (7.1) 1,661 2,380 (69.8) 1,468 2,028 (72.4) 86 1,860 (4.6) 432 490 (88.2) 2,692 11,932 (22.6)
Illinois 1999–2007 Live births 71,484 899,223 (7–9) 260,583 375,690 (69.4) 233,752 317,632 (73.6) 11,760 288,419 (4.1) 69,459 78,224 (88.8) 413,286 1,641,556 (25.2)
Massachusetts 2000–2007 Cases 300 3,040 (9.9) 300 450 (66.7) 1 5 (20.0) 140 299 (46.8) 191 216 (88.4) 931 4,005 (23.2)
Massachusetts 2000–2007 Live births 48,215 440,238 (11.0) 41,779 64,988 (64.3) 2,855 3,777 (75.6) 23,035 48,269 (47.7) 37,366 41,707 (89.6) 150,395 595,202 (25.3)
Michigan 1999–2007 Cases 1,626 24,784 (6.6) 1,082 1,949 (55.5) 913 1,558 (58.6) 198 7,234 (2.7) 875 979 (89.4) 3,781 34,946 (10.8)
Michigan 1999–2007 Live births 50,823 849,213 (6.0) 35,807 68,817 (52.0) 30,536 55,233 (55.3) 5,406 204,965 (2.6) 30,017 34,443 (87.1) 122,053 1,157,438 (10.5)
North Carolina 2003–2007 Cases 142 4,385 (3.2) 862 978 (88.1) 688 745 (92.3) 62 1,360 (4.6) 11 12 (91.7) 1,077 6,735 (16.0)
North Carolina 2003–2007 Live births 14,222 353,978 (4.0) 84,403 96,166 (87.8) 64,908 71,167 (91.2) 7,335 142,558 (5.1) 1,570 1,869 (84.0) 107,530 594,571 (18.1)
Nebraska 1999–2007 Cases 71 8,924 (0.8) 713 1,117 (63.8) 303 451 (67.2) 37 680 (5.4) 81 106 (76.4) 902 10,827 (8.3)
Nebraska 1999–2007 Live births 1,612 169,006 (1.0) 18,304 27,401 (66.8) 16,103 22,958 (70.1) 959 11,943 (8.0) 1,551 2,089 (74.2) 22,426 210,439 (10.7)
New Jersey 1999–2007 Cases 634 5,945 (10.7) 1,690 2,363 (71.5) 439 468 (93.8) 332 1,441 (23.0) 629 676 (93.0) 3,285 10,425 (31.5)
New Jersey 1999–2007 Live births 59,351 508,928 (11.7) 163,968 228,671 (71.7) 44,327 46,660 (95.0) 34,343 155,841 (22.0) 80,603 86,552 (93.1) 338,265 979,992 (34.5)
New York 1999–2007 Cases 465 10,860 (4.3) 995 1,502 (66.2) 169 203 (83.3) 233 1,237 (18.8) 289 328 (88.1) 1,982 13,927 (14.2)
New York 1999–2007 Live births 60,820 842,992 (7–2) 99,636 142,658 (69.8) 17,924 20,344 (88.1) 27,184 121,176 (22.4) 37,479 41,239 (90.9) 225,119 1,148,065 (19.6)
Texas 1999–2007 Cases 681 16,101 (4.2) 8,567 18,092 (47.4) 7,616 15,510 (49.1) 302 3,496 (8.6) 893 988 (90.4) 10,443 38,677 (27.0)
Texas 1999–2007 Live births 63,647 1,238,866 (5.1) 824,224 1,637,620 (50.3) 722,932 1,408,118 (51.3) 29,579 372,797 (7.9) 103,102 113,343 (91.0) 1,020,552 3,362,626 (30.3)
All states Cases 5,601 104,727 (5.3) 22,757 40,359 (56.4) 15,514 27,589 (56.2) 2,524 22,578 (11.2) 4,058 4,571 (88.8) 34,940 172,235 (20.3)
All states Live births 479,039 6,964,706 (6.9) 2,192,026 3,685,157 (59.5) 1,517,564 2,548,808 (59.5) 254,052 1,815,652 (14.0) 437,511 488,854 (89.5) 3,362,628 12,954,369 (26.0)

Note. Definitions: FB = Foreign-born mothers; FB + US = Foreign and US born mothers.

Percent Foreign-born is calculated for each racial/ethnic group as: (FB/[FB + US])*100.

Cases are counted without repetition (i.e., a single infant having multiple defect codes is counted only once for the purposes of this table).

a

The category Hispanics (Mexican) is a subset of the category Hispanics (Total).

b

Total excludes Native American/Alaskan Natives, Unknown race/ethnicity and nativity. Observations in the Hispanic (Mexican) category are counted in the total as part of the Hispanic (Total) category.