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. 2020 May 13;21:298. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03330-1

Table 1.

Alternate versions of enabling factors (coverage for chiropractic and costs per visit) to be tested

Chronic Low Back Pain1 Chronic Neck Pain1
No coverage (n = 218) Some coverage (n = 590) No coverage (n = 202) Some coverage (n = 475)
Mean (SD) # chiropractic visits/month 2.0 (1.6) 2.4 (2.4) 2.3 (2.1) 2.2 (2.0)
Enabling factors
 Insurance with caps on visits or costs 291 (49.3%) 244 (51.4%)
 Insurance with no caps 85 (14.4%) 68 (14.3%)
 Insurance with unknown caps 214 (36.3%) 163 (34.3%)
Out-of-pocket costs per visit*
 Unknown / $0 0 (0.0%) 67 (11.4%) 0 (0.0%) 69 (14.5%)
 $1 to $20 0 (0.0%) 227 (38.5%) 0 (0.0%) 148 (31.2%)
 $21 to $40 14 (6.4%) 195 (33.1%) 19 (9.4%) 175 (36.8%)
 $41 to $60 101 (46.3%) 65 (11.0%) 89 (44.1%) 51 (10.7%)
 $61 to $80 71 (32.6%) 18 (3.1%) 72 (35.6%) 18 (3.8%)
 $81+ 32 (14.7%) 18 (3.1%) 22 (10.9%) 14 (2.9%)

1Data on insurance status were not available for a small percentage of patients in each sample: 44 (5.2%) for chronic low back pain and 28 (4.0%) for chronic neck pain

*Out-of-pocket costs differ significantly between those with and without some chiropractic coverage for both those with chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain, p < .001