Table 1.

Summary of studies meeting inclusion criteria

Author	Year	Country	Study design	CFS/ME/SEID diagnostic criteria	Metabolite			Sample size
					Sample	Targeted/untargeted	Analysis method	CFS/ME/SEID	HC
Germain et al.	2020 [21]	USA	Case control	Fukuda	Plasma	Untargeted	Metabolon mass spectrometry	26 F	26F
Germain et al.	2018 [22]	USA	Case control	Fukuda	Plasma	Untargeted	Metabolon mass spectrometry	32 F	19 F
Nagy-Szakal et al.	2018 [29]	USA	Case control	Fukuda CCC	Plasma	Targeted and untargeted	Gas chromatography time-of-flight and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry	26	49
Germain et al.	2017 [23]	USA	Case control	Fukuda	Plasma	Untargeted	Q-exactive mass spectrometry	17 F	15 F
Yamano et al.	2016 [24]	Japan	Case control	Fukuda	Plasma	Untargeted	Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry	41 F 5 M	41 F 6 M
Fluge et al.	2016 [25]	Norway	Case control	CCC	Serum	Targeted	Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry	162 F 38 M	67 F 35 M
Naviaux et al.	2016 [30]	USA	Case control	Fukuda CCC IOM	Plasma	Targeted	Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry	23 F 22 M	21 F 18 M
Armstrong et al.	2015 [26]	Australia	Case control	CCC	Serum Urine	Untargeted	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry	34 F	25 F
Armstrong et al.	2012 [18]	Australia	Case control	CCC	Serum	Untargeted	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry	6 F 5 M	5 F 5 M
Jones et al.	2005 [27]	United Kingdom	Case control	Fukuda Oxford	Plasma Urine	Targeted	Reversed phase chromatography	19 F 11 M	19 F 11 M
McGregor et al.	1996 [28]	Australia	Case control	Fukuda Oxford	Urine	Untargeted	Capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry	16 F 4 M	32 F 13 M

F female, M male