Table 3.

Perioperative changes in sublingual microvascular flow index (MFI) per study

Study	n	Technique	Study groups	Pre-CPB	CPB		Post-CPB
				Induction	Onset of CPB	Late phase of CPB	Post-CPB	ICU	24 h after surgery
den Uil et al. [29]	25	SDF	CS with CPB	~ MFI	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	~ MFI	–
			CS with CPB (vessels 25–50 μm)	~ MFI	↓ MFI	–	~ MFI	~ MFI	–
			CS with CPB (vessels 50–100 μm)	~ MFI	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	~ MFI	–
Holmgaard et al. [21]	30	SDF	CABG with HMAP	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	–
			CABG with LMAP	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	–
Koning et al. [24]	33	SDF	CABG non pulsatile CPB	–	~ MFI	↓ MFI	↓ MFI	↓ MFI	–
			CABG pulsatile CPB	–	~ MFI	~ MFI	~ MFI	~ MFI	–
Koning et al. [31]	13	SDF	CABG	–	~ MFI	~ MFI	~ MFI	↓ MFI	–
Koning et al. [30]	18	SDF	CABG	–	~ MFI	–		↓ MFI	–
Mohamed et al. [22]	70	SDF	CABG regular anesthesia	–	↓ MFI	–	↓ MFI	–	–
			CABG dexmed anesthesia	–	↓ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	–
Özarslan et al. [20]	30	OPS	CABG sevoflurane anesthesia	~ MFI	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI
			CABG isoflurane anesthesia	~ MFI	↓ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI
			CABG desflurane anesthesia	~ MFI	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI
Prestes et al. [23]	22	SDF	Cardiac surgery with CPB	–	~ MFI	↓ MFI	↑ MFI	–	–
Yuruk et al. [27]	20	SDF	CABG	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	–
			CABG with MECC	–	~ MFI	–	~ MFI	–	–

A downward facing arrow (↓) represents a significant decrease compared to baseline measurement. An upward facing arrow (↑) represents a significant increase compare to baseline measurement. ~ represents no significant change compared to baseline value. MFI microvascular flow index, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, SDF side-stream dark field imaging, OPS orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, n number of participants, h hours, CS cardiac surgery, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, MECC minimal extracorporeal circulation, LMAP low mean arterial pressure group, HMAP high mean arterial pressure group