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. 2020 Apr 15;9(4):319. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040319

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under basal conditions and in response to indoxyl sulfate (IS) treatment (256 µg/mL) in human THP-1 monocytes cultured in (A) ADF (acetate 3 mM), (B) ACDF (citrate 0.3 mM + acetate 0.8 mM), and (C) CDF (citrate 1 mM) dialysates with standard (0.5 mM, control) or with high Mg concentrations (1, 1.25, and 2 mM). (1) ROS levels (URF) and (2) percentage (%) of increases in ROS production after 180 min of stimulation with IS. Each column represents the mean ± SD of 5–8 independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. the corresponding 0.5 mM Mg (control). # p < 0.05 and ### p < 0.001 vs. the corresponding 1 mM Mg. $ p < 0.05 vs. the corresponding 1.25 mM Mg. • p < 0.05 and ••• p < 0.001 vs. the corresponding basal conditions.