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. 2020 Apr 15;9(4):319. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040319

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) levels under basal conditions and in response to indoxyl sulfate (IS; 256 µg/mL) in human THP-1 monocytes cultured in control solution (Hank’s medium) or in ADF (acetate 3 mM), ACDF (citrate 0.3 mM + acetate 0.8 mM), and CDF (citrate 1 mM) dialysates. Each column represents the mean ± SD of 5–8 independent experiments. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. the value in the basal conditions. • p < 0.05 and •• p < 0.01 vs. the corresponding value in the control solution.