. 2020 Apr 20;9(4):334. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040334

Table 3.

Phenolic compounds identification and quantification in aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts from Pinus pinaster bark.

Phenolic Compound (mg/L)	Extracts
Phenolic Compound (mg/L)	PB 0%	PB 30%	PB 50%	PB 70%	PB 90%
*Hydroxycinnamic acids*
caffeic acid	4.2 ± 0.0 ^a	11.5 ± 0.0 ^b	13.8 ± 0.6 ^b	12.0 ± 0.0 ^b	12.0 ± 0.0 ^b
ferulic acid	9.7 ± 0.7 ^a	23.2 ± 2.4 ^b	24.5 ± 0.1 ^b	21.2 ± 0.1 ^b	21.3 ± 0.2 ^b
cinnamic acid	5.4 ± 0.6 ^a	29.5 ± 0.3 ^b	38.1 ± 1.0 ^c	53.4 ± 2.5 ^d	47.4 ± 0.2 ^e
chlorogenic acid	5.8 ± 1.0 ^a	11.0 ± 0.3 ^b	15.7 ± 0.1 ^c	15.5 ± 0.5 ^c	17.2 ± 0.8 ^d
p-cumaric acid	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.
*Hydroxybenzoic acids*
vanillic acid	3.0 ± 1.0 ^a	8.0 ± 1.0 ^b	9.5 ± 0.5 ^c	10.0 ± 0.0 ^c	10.5 ± 0.5 ^c
gallic acid	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.
3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid	29.7 ± 1.3 ^a	35.5 ± 1.0 ^b	36.0 ± 0.3 ^b	47.4 ± 5.1 ^c	64.1 ± 1.7 ^d
ellagic acid	53.6 ± 2.0 ^a	67.2 ± 0.4 ^b	120.6 ± 5.1 ^c	122.6 ± 2.1 ^c	124.4 ± 16.1 ^c
*Flavan-3-ols*
catechin	n.d. ^a	105.0 ± 1.0 ^b	133.5 ± 0.9 ^c	135.5 ± 1.0 ^c	133.0 ± 2.5 ^c
gallocatechin	149.3 ± 9.0 ^a	140.3 ± 7.0 ^a	n.d. ^b	n.d. ^b	n.d. ^b
epicatechin	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.
*Flavonoids*
naringenin	n.d. ^a	128.0 ± 19.2 ^b	170.5 ± 18.7 ^c	249.5 ± 11.0 ^d	239.6 ± 4.3 ^d
hesperidin	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.	n.q.
quercetin	n.d. ^a	n.d. ^a	10.1 ± 0.1 ^b	8.5 ± 0.5 ^b	10.9 ± 2.5 ^b
apigenin	n.d. ^a	1.9 ± 0.3 ^b	6.2 ± 0.1 ^c	12.4 ± 1.2 ^d	5.1 ± 0.0 ^c
taxifolin	73.1 ± 11.6 ^a	166.4 ± 33.9 ^b	422.9 ± 8.9 ^c	463.2 ± 6.4 ^d	463.9 ± 4.4 ^d
*Stilben*
resveratrol	3.8 ± 0.1 ^a	10.9 ± 0.5 ^b	13.5 ± 0.0 ^c	18.9 ± 0.3 ^d	17.5 ± 0.0 ^d
Total	337.6	738.5	1014.9	1171.1	1163.9

Values of phenolic compounds are expressed as concentration (mg/L) mean ± SD of 3 experiments. n.d.: not detected; n.q.: not quantified. Different letters (a–e) show significant differences (p < 0.05) for the same compound.