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. 2020 Apr 24;9(4):357. doi: 10.3390/antiox9040357

Figure 6.

Figure 6

PdNPs + MLT increased production of oxidative stress markers. A549 cells were incubated with PdNPs (2.5 µM), MLT (0.75 mM), PdNPs and MLT (2.5 + 0.75 mM), or DOX (5.0 µM) for 24 h. (A) Treated A549 cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. Spectrophotometric analysis of ROS using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). (B). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured using a thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances assay and was expressed as nanomoles per gram of protein. (C) The lipid hydroperoxide ( LHPs) were extracted and quantified as indicated using the Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay Kit (Catalog No. 705003; Cayman Chemical Company). (D) Nitric oxide (NO) production was quantified spectrophotometrically using the Griess reagent and expressed as micromoles per gram of protein. (E) Protein carbonylation content was determined and expressed as micromoles per gram of protein. (F) 8-Isoprostane was quantified as described in the EIA Kit (Catalog No.516351, Cayman Chemical Company). Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Student’s t-test revealed a significant difference between treated and control cells (* p < 0.05). * p < 0.05 was considered significant; ** p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.