Table 2.

Wall clock times for the preparation and solving processes of different ssSNPBLUP systems

Wall clock time (s)	ssSNPBLUP_Liu (Plink)a	ssSNPBLUP_Liu (DP)b	ssSNPBLUP_MSc
$diag\left({\mathbf{A}}_{\mathit{gg}}^{-1}\right)$d	136.69	139.78	136.20
Preconditionerd	546.41	581.42	1,177.26
${\mathbf{A}}^{-1}$d	50.62	57.40	50.77
$\mathbf{Z}\mathbf{v}$e	3.47	7.77	3.42
${\mathbf{Z}}^{\prime }\mathbf{v}$e	1.53	4.61	1.45
Average time/iteration	12.82	20.23	16.89
Iterative process	43,074.48	67,961.84	107,041.71
Software total time	44,531.00	69,593.09	109,126.07

^assSNPBLUP model proposed by Liu et al. [9] and using the Plink 1 binary form; or ^busing double precision reals; ^cssSNPBLUP model proposed by Mantysaari and Stranden [11] and using the Plink 1 binary form; ^dWall clock time needed for the computation of the mentioned matrix; ^eMultiplication of the centered genotype matrix, or its transpose, by an array