Table 3.
Maternal and child characteristics according to maternal depressive symptoms trajectories groups
| Variables | Maternal depressive symptoms trajectories groups | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 “Low” | Group 2 “Moderate low” | Group 3 “increasing” | Group 4 “Decreasing-persistent” | Group 5 “Chronic high” | ||
| n = 1109 | n = 1219 | n = 298 | n = 294 | n = 120 | ||
| Maternal variables | ||||||
| ABEP, mean (sd)a | 28.0 (9.6) | 25.8 (9.0) | 23.5 (8.8) | 21.2 (8.3) | 18.8 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
| Schooling (years), mean (sd)a | 11.6 (3.7) | 10.5 (3.7) | 9.3 (3.7) | 8.2 (3.6) | 7.3 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Maternal age (years), mean (sd)a | 28.1 (6.2) | 27.1 (6.6) | 27.4 (6.9) | 25.8 (6.6) | 27.0 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Single mother, (%) | 7.6 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 23.8 | 25.8 | < 0.001 |
| Skin color, White (%) | 79.1 | 74.0 | 68.6 | 57.6 | 60.0 | < 0.001 |
| Parity ≥2 (%) | 42.7 | 46.1 | 60.3 | 60.8 | 73.3 | < 0.001 |
| Depression before pregnancy (%) | 8.5 | 16.1 | 24.2 | 33.3 | 51.7 | < 0.001 |
| Unplanned pregnancy (%) | 36.1 | 41.7 | 50.5 | 54.76 | 66.7 | < 0.001 |
| Prenatal consultations ≤6 (%) | 7.3 | 8.9 | 13..5 | 17.6 | 21.9 | < 0.001 |
| Worked during pregnancy (%) | 35.3 | 40.1 | 53.2 | 54.1 | 59.2 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 6.8 | 13.9 | 21.5 | 27.5 | 25.8 | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol during pregnancy (%) | 4.9 | 5.9 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 11.7 | < 0.001 |
| Drugs during pregnancy (%) | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.5 | < 0.001 |
| C-section (%) | 70.6 | 67.1 | 63.9 | 60.5 | 55.8 | < 0.001 |
| Self-rated health poor/very poor (%) | 4.5 | 11.9 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 60.7 | < 0.001 |
| Child variables | ||||||
| Sex, male (%) | 51.5 | 49.3 | 54.0 | 51.4 | 48.3 | 0.580 |
| Low birthweight (%) | 9.9 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 11.7 | 0.574 |
| APGAR 5′ ≤ 6(%) | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.302 |
| Intermediate or intensive care hospitalization after birth (%) | 7.9 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 11.7 | 0.510 |
X2 Test for all except a
a ANOVA test