Table 4.
Variation in diet and body parameters between one-year follow-up and allocation.
| SPA arm (n = 55) | CTR arm (n = 49) | p value effect of | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤25 (n = 29) | ]25–30] (n = 15) | >30 (n = 11) | ≤25 (n = 23) | 25–30 (n = 19) | >30 (n = 7) | SPA | Time | BMI | ||
| Diet parameters | ||||||||||
| Total energy intake | kcal/d | −41.7 ± 400.5 | +25.5 ± 556.4 | −400.1 ± 527.6 | −227.9 ± 362.6 | +165.6 ± 410.4 | −437.6 ± 955.1 | 0.91 | 0.039 | 0.15 |
| (-0.02%) | (+10.8%) | (−18.7%) | (-12.3%) | (+20.1%) | (−10.3%) | |||||
| Protein intake | g/d | −4.6 ± 17.9 | +3.2 ± 25.5 | −5.8 ± 19.0 | −1.78 ± 27.1 | +5.1 ± 21.4 | −15.4 ± 45.4 | 0.71 | 0.24 | 0.35 |
| (-3.9%) | (+17.5%) | (-3.1%) | (+6.0%) | (+26.1%) | (−1.4%) | |||||
| Carbohydrate intake | g/d | +8.4 ± 52.2 | +6.1 ± 63.7 | −57.9 ± 78.3 | −28.4 ± 54.8 | +6.7 ± 51.2 | −46.7 ± 121.1 | 0.84 | 0.10 | 0.38 |
| (+10.1%) | (+16.7%) | (−21.5%) | (−9.8%) | (+7.5%) | (−1.5%) | |||||
| Lipid intake | g/d | −5.5 ± 26.4 | −1.3 ± 36.4 | −12.7 ± 25.2 | −9.4 ± 19.8 | +13.0 ± 13.0 | −24.6 ± 45.4 | 0.89 | 0.099 | 0.15 |
| (+0.2%) | (+24.0%) | (−13.8%) | (−7.9%) | (+67.3%) | (−21.1%) | |||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Body parameters | ||||||||||
| Body weight | kg | −0.10 ± 2.16 | +1.47 ± 4.00 | −0.73 ± 5.76 | −0.24 ± 2.67 | +0.26 ± 3.86 | +0.93 ± 2.41 | 0.56 | 0.45 | <10–7 |
| (−0.2%) | (+2.2%) | (−0.3%) | (−0.5%) | (+0.4%) | (+1.1%) | |||||
| Lean mass (LM) | % | +1.03 ± 3.63 | −0.25 ± 1.66 | −0.34 ± 5.85 | 0.00 ± 3.20 | −0.02 ± 3.14 | +3.09 ± 7.07 | 0.18 | 0.85 | <10–7 |
| (+1.7%) | (−0.4%) | (−0.0%) | (−0.0%) | (+0.1%) | (+6.0%) | |||||
| Fat mass (FM) | % | −0.85 ± 3.50 | +0.25 ± 1.66 | +0.31 ± 5.90 | −0.00 ± 3.20 | +0.02 ± 3.14 | −1.64 ± 6.05 | 0.11 | 0.86 | <10–7 |
| (−2.7%) | (+0.6%) | (+2.0%) | (0.0%) | (+0.6%) | (-3.6%) | |||||
| LM/FM ratio | +0.10 ± 0.39 | −0.01 ± 0.14 | −0.03 ± 0.37 | +0.04 ± 0.40 | −0.01 ± 0.29 | +0.17 ± 0.39 | 0.20 | 0.77 | <10–7 | |
| (+5.0%) | (−0.6%) | (+1.6%) | (+1.7%) | (+0.9%) | (+14.4%) | |||||
| Cell mass | kg | +1.34 ± 6.57 | +0.95 2.21 | +0.54 ± 3.02 | −0.83 ± 4.52 | −0.66 ± 4.74 | +2.15 ± 5.82 | 0.19 | 0.34 | <10–7 |
| (+6.8%) | (+5.2%) | (+2.0%) | (−2.8%) | (−1.7%) | (+7.3%) | |||||
| Total water | l | +0.25 ± 1.62 | +0.51 ± 1.45 | +0.13 ± 2.53 | −0.06 ± 1.02 | +0.11 ± 1.86 | +1.07 ± 5.15 | 0.22 | 0.40 | <10–7 |
| (+0.9%) | (+1.7%) | (+0.8%) | (−0.1%) | (+0.5%) | (+3.2%) | |||||
| Extracellular water | % | +0.51 ± 1.72 | −0.67 ± 1.67 | +0.02 ± 2.33 | +1.14 ± 4.1 | 0.98 ± 3.72 | −3.97 ± 10.72 | 0.80 | 0.86 | <10–7 |
| (+2.0%) | (−2.3%) | (+0.6%) | (+4.9%) | (+4.3%) | (−7.2%) | |||||
| Intracellular water | % | +2.21 ± 9.32 | +0.61 ± 1.32 | −0.08 ± 1.99 | −0.35 ± 4.76 | −0.59 ± 4.68 | +1.65 ± 4.55 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.00012 |
| (+7.7%) | (+3.2%) | (−0.2%) | (−1.3%) | (−1.9%) | (+7.0%) | |||||
| Tricipital fold thickness | cm | +0.46 ± 3.74 | −0.57 ± 7.78 | −3.25 ± 5.41 | +0.23 ± 5.05 | +2.98 ± 5.60 | −2.51 ± 4.95 | 0.36 | 0.69 | <10–7 |
| (+10.7%) | (+1.5%) | (−7.5%) | (+14.1%) | (+25.3%) | (−6.3%) | |||||
| Arm circumference | cm | −0.10 ± 1.77 | −1.00 ± 1.49 | −1.46 ± 1.94 | −0.46 ± 1.71 | −0.32 ± 2.16 | −0.93 ± 2.01 | 0.58 | 0.32 | <10–7 |
| (−0.3%) | (−3.1%) | (−3.6%) | (−1.7%) | (−1.1%) | (−2.4%) | |||||
| Waist circumference (WC) | cm | −2.93 ± 4.41 | +0.43 ± 3.68 | −1.09 ± 5.00 | −0.46 ± 5.65 | +1.45 ± 8.51 | −3.36 ± 6.24 | 0.73 | 0.81 | <10–7 |
| (−3.7%) | (−0.4%) | (−1.0%) | (−0.4%) | (+2.7%) | (−3.0%) | |||||
| Hip circumference (HC) | cm | −0.59 ± 2.80 | 1.77 ± 2.83 | 0.23 ± 5.85 | −1.30 ± 3.56 | −0.13 ± 3.71 | 2.79 ± 5.53 | 0.80 | 0.66 | <10–7 |
| (−0.6%) | (+1.7%) | (+0.4%) | (−1.1%) | (−0.1%) | (2.5%) | |||||
| WC/HC ratio | −0.03 ± 00.05 | −0.01 ± 0.02 | −0.01 ± 0.07 | +0.01 ± 0.05 | +0.2 ± 0.08 | −0.05 ± 0.06 | 0.66 | 0.61 | <10–7 | |
| (−2.9%) | (−1.5%) | (−1.1%) | (+0.9%) | (+3.1%) | (−4.9%) | |||||
Variation for each parameter is expressed in raw value (one-year follow-up value minus allocation value) and in percentage of the allocation value: + sign indicates an increase and –sign indicates a decrease. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare longitudinal variations between allocation arms (SPA effect), or one-year follow-up (time effect), or BMI groups (BMI effect), but without interaction test because of unequal class sizes. All tests were two-sided, and the nominal level of significance was 5%. Significant p values are indicated in bold.