Table 3.

Proposed biomarkers for regular and altered cellular functions in the equine endometrium.

Molecule	Cell(s)/Structure	Normal and Altered Functions
Estrogen Receptor	E, S	Hormonal Responsiveness
Progesterone Receptor	E, S	Hormonal Responsiveness
Vimentin	E, S	Cellular Differentiation
Desmin	S	Cellular Differentiation
Smooth muscle actin	S	Cellular Differentiation
Calponin	E, S	Cellular Differentiation
Laminin	BM	Interaction GE/S
Uteroglobin	E	Secretory activity
Uterocalin	E	Secretory activity
Uteroferrin	E	Secretory activity
Calbindin	E	Secretory activity
β-Defensin	E	Immune defense
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase	E	Immune defense

E = epithelial cells; S = stromal cells; BM = basement membrane; GE = glandular epithelium.