Table 2.

Outcome measures used for validation of resource tier framework.

Type	Measure	Method	Source
Negative welfare	Feather loss	Number of birds, out of 50 samples randomly selected from the flock, with visible bare skin >5 cm in the head/neck and back/vent areas	[1]
	Beak trimming	Whether beak is routinely trimmed before 10 days of age (1) or not (0)
	Antagonistic behaviour	Number of antagonistic behaviour (aggressive behaviour and injurious feather pecking) observed during the farm visit
	Flightiness	Whether the flock is best described as flighty (2), cautious (1) or calm (0)
	Mortality	Mortality rate of the flock immediately previous to that observed during the farm visit
Resource outcome	Litter score	Condition of litter, as evaluated in the scale of 1–6: 1: Completely dry and friable; 2: Small moist/capped areas around drinkers/pop holes; 3: Large capped areas but sufficient space to dust bathe; 4: Largely wet or capped with few friable areas; 5: Largely capped or wet; 6: Largely wet or soggy.	[16]
Positive welfare	Mood dimension score	General “mood” of the flock, as expressed by the first principal component resulting from quantitative behavioural assessment	[16]

For negative welfare indices, a larger value indicates reduced animal welfare. For mood dimension score, a larger value indicates improved animal welfare.