. 2020 Apr 1;10(4):594. doi: 10.3390/ani10040594

Table 4.

Effects of mushroom polysaccharide, nano-copper, copper loaded chitosan, and lysozyme on plasma and jejunal mucosa biochemical variables of yellow-feathered chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Variables	Treatments								SEM ²	p-Value
Variables	Control	LPS ¹	Antibiotic	Polysaccharide 1	Polysaccharide 2	Nano-Copper	Copper Loaded Chitosan	Lysozyme	SEM ²	p-Value
Plasma
DAO³ (U/L)	0.59 ^B	1.72 ^Aa	1.72 ^A	1.54 ^A	1.33 ^Ab	1.54 ^A	1.60 ^A	1.57 ^A	0.05	<0.001
iNOS⁴ (U/mL)	9.97 ^B	13.25 ^A	11.03	11.51	11.36	11.97	11.55	9.43	0.28	0.022
IgG⁵ (µg/mL)	745.99 ^A	560.11 ^Bb	709.71 ^a	643.24	797.36 ^a	644.22	762.82 ^a	712.52 ^a	15.28	0.001
IFN-γ⁶ (ng/L)	54.30 ^B	64.19 ^Aa	52.66 ^b	54.67 ^b	48.99 ^b	49.20 ^b	49.55 ^b	47.76 ^b	0.79	<0.001
TNF-α⁷ (ng/L)	63.92 ^B	78.24 ^Aa	64.54 ^b	63.49 ^b	60.41 ^b	72.20	59.80 ^b	50.00 ^Bb	1.29	<0.001
Jejunal mucosa
SIgA⁸ (µg/mg)	31.80 ^B	28.63 ^b	40.88 ^a	31.91	46.59 ^Aa	35.61	31.04	37.77 ^a	1.10	<0.001
IgG (µg/mg)	237.61 ^B	222.88 ^b	274.87	232.08	368.97 ^Aa	279.90	295.07	336.15 ^Aa	9.60	<0.001
IgM⁹ (µg/mg)	31.61 ^B	25.33 ^b	29.96	31.08	38.04 ^Aa	28.29	35.78	37.53 ^a	1.03	0.014
IL-1β¹⁰ (ng/g)	5.77 ^B	8.60 ^Aa	7.00	5.94 ^b	5.87 ^b	6.62	6.90	6.48 ^b	0.21	0.013
TNF-α (ng/g)	14.63 ^B	23.65 ^Aa	18.77	20.36	15.56 ^b	18.37	17.72	14.29 ^b	0.71	0.009

Capital letters indicate statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between control and other treatments by Dunnett test; small letters indicate statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between LPS group and the other treatments. ¹ birds were fed the control diet and injected with LPS; ² Standard error of the mean (n = 6 pens); ³ Diamine oxidase; ⁴ Inducible nitric oxide synthase; ⁵ Immunoglobulin G; ⁶ Interferon γ; ⁷ Tumor necrosis factor α; ⁸ Secretory immunoglobulin A; ⁹ Immunoglobulin M; ¹⁰ Interleukin 1β.