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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Salivary OXT (oxytocin) concentration (pg/mL) before and after (a) the positive condition consisting of 5 min of affiliative interaction between dogs and their trainers (PC) and (b) the negative condition consisting of 5 min of isolation (NC).