. 2020 Apr 7;10(4):635. doi: 10.3390/ani10040635

Table 5.

Effect of animal species on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production evaluated during in vitro rumen fermentation.

Variables	Animal Species ⁽¹⁾					SEM ⁽²⁾	p-Value ⁽³⁾
Variables	Goats	Sheep	Buffalo	Taurine Cattle	Zebu Cattle	SEM ⁽²⁾	p-Value ⁽³⁾
SCFA production (mmol/g OMD)
acetic acid	3.37 ^c	3.92 ^bc	5.44 ^ab	5.70 ^a	5.06 ^ab	0.41	***
propionic acid	1.30 ^b	1.45 ^b	2.25 ^a	2.28 ^a	2.11 ^a	0.14	***
iso-butyric acid	0.09 ^a	0.06 ^abc	0.07 ^ab	0.02 ^c	0.04 ^bc	0.01	***
butyric acid	0.53 ^c	0.61 ^bc	0.90 ^a	0.88 ^a	0.82 ^ab	0.07	***
iso-valeric acid	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.10	0.01	ns
valeric acid	0.12 ^bc	0.10^c	0.15 ^abc	0.19 ^a	0.17 ^ab	0.02	***
total SCFA	5.41 ^c	6.21 ^bc	8.89 ^a	9.17 ^a	8.30 ^ab	0.61	***

⁽¹⁾ breeds—goats: Saanen; sheep: Santa Inês; buffalo: Mediterranean; taurine cattle: Holstein; zebu cattle: Nelore. ⁽²⁾ SEM: standard error of means. ⁽³⁾ ns: not significant (p > 0.05); *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001. ^a,b,c means followed by distinct superscripts, within rows, are different (Tukey test at p ≤ 0.05).