Table 2.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (modified from Zigmond and Snaith. The Depression Scale. Acta psychiatr. Scand. 1983:67:361–370, with permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)

I feel tense or ‘wound up’:
3	Most of the time
2	A lot of the time
1	From time to time
0	Not at all
I still enjoy the things I used to enjoy:
0	Definitely as much
1	Not quite so much
2	Only a little
3	Hardly at all
I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something awful is about to happen:
3	Definitely and quite badly
2	Yes, but not too badly
1	A little, but it does not worry me
0	Not at all
I can laugh and see the funny side of things:
0	As much as I always could
1	Not quite so much now
2	Definitely not so much now
3	Not at all
Worrying thoughts go through my mind:
3	A great deal of the time
2	A lot of the time
1	From time to time
0	Only occasionally
I feel cheerful:
0	Not at all
1	Not often
2	Sometimes
3	Most of the time
I can sit at ease and feel relaxed:
3	Definitely
2	Usually
1	Not often
0	Not at all
I feel as if I am slowed down:
0	Nearly all the time
1	Very often
2	Sometimes
3	Not at all
I get a sort of frightened feeling like ‘butterflies’ in the stomach:
3	Not at all
2	Occasionally
1	Quite often
0	Very often
I have lost interest in my appearance:
0	Definitely
1	I do not take quite as much care
2	I might not take quite as much care
3	I take just as much care as ever
I feel restless as if I have to be on the move:
3	Very much
2	Quite a lot
1	Not very much
0	Not at all
I look forward with enjoyment to things:
0	As much as ever
1	Less than I used to
2	Definitely less than I used to
3	Hardly at all
I get sudden feelings of panic:
3	Very often indeed
2	Quite often
1	Not very often
0	Not at all
I can enjoy a good book or radio or TV program:
0	Often
1	Sometimes
2	Not often
3	Very Seldom

Score: 0–7: Low Risk

Score: 8–11: Borderline

Score 11–21: High Risk for Anxiety or Depression