Table 1.

Stages of Ebola virus disease presentation.

Adapted from Malvy et al. and Dickson et al. [4, 16]

	Time since symptom onset	Clinical features	Typical patient
Stage 1: early febrile or mild phase	0–3 days	Non-specific features: fever, weakness, lethargy, and myalgia	Ambulatory, able to compensate for fluid losses; no indication for fluid administration
Stage 2: gastrointestinal phase	3–10 days	Same as early stage plus diarrhea, vomiting, or both, or abdominal pain	Unable to compensate for fluid losses because of emesis or large volume losses; frequent indication for intravenous fluid administration
Stage 3: complications phase	7–12 days	Same as gastrointestinal phase plus hemorrhage, shock, organ failure, and neurological complications	Critically ill, often with multisystem organ dysfunction such as acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, encephalopathy, altered mental status, seizures