Table 2.
RDTs for the detection of Ebola virus.
Adapted from Tembo et al. [35]
| RDT type | Manufacturer | Target | Turnaround time (min) | Storage temperature (°C) | Clinical validation status | Sample |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ebola eZYSCREEN | BioMérieux and Institut des sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot, France | EBOV GP | 15 | 4–30 | Yes | Whole blood or plasma |
| ReEBOV antigen rapid test | Zalgen Labs (previously Corgenix Ltd), USA | EBOV, BDBV, and SUDV VP40 protein antigen | 15 | 2–8 | Yes | Whole blood or plasma |
| ELISA antigen capture | National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan | RESTV NP protein antigen | Hours | 2–8 | NR | Serum |
| Ebola-specific IgM and Ig G antibody detection | Corgenix USA | EBOV and SUDV- specific antibodies against VP40 antigen | Hours | 2–8 | Yes | Serum |
| OraQuick® | OraSure Technologies Inc, USA | Detects Ebola VP40 antigen (EBOV, SUDV and BDBV) | 20–30 | 4–30 | Yes | Whole blood and saliva (post mortem samples) |
| DSTL EVD RDT | UK’s Defence Science Technology and Laboratory | EBOV antigens (unspecified) | 20 | NR | Yes | Whole blood |
| Matrix Multiplexed diagnostic | MMDX | EBOV GP | 10 | NR | NR | Plasma and serum |
| SD Q Line Zaire Ag assay | SD Biosensor Inc, Republic of Korea | EBOV protein antigens (GP, NP and VP40) | 30 | 1–40 | Yes | Whole blood, plasma and serum |
| QuickNavi-Ebola | Denka Seiken, Japan | EBOV, TAFV, BDBV, SUDV NP protein antigen | 10 | 4–45 | Yes | Whole blood, plasma and serum |
| iSENSE | University College London | EBOV, SUDV, and BDBV Ig G | 40 | NR | NR | Venous blood |
Clinical validation refers to field testing for specificity and sensitivity on blood specimens containing varying amounts of Ebola virus, with the specific RDT results compared to the polymerase chain reaction gold standard test [37–40]
BDBV, Bundibugyo ebolavirus; GP, glycoprotein; Ig G, immunoglobulin G; Ig M, immunoglobulin M; VP, matrix protein; NP, nucleoprotein; NR, not reported; RESTV, Reston ebolavirus; SUDV, Sudan ebolavirus; TAFV, Taï Forest ebolavirus; EBOV, Zaire ebolavirus