The clinical spectrum of Ebola virus disease ranges from mild to severe illness and is often associated with life-threatening complications that require advanced supportive and critical care. Training, preparation and strict adherence to infection prevention and control practices by health workers have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the provision of advanced critical care. Recent Ebola-specific care advances including vaccine prevention, point-of-care diagnostics, effective anti-Ebola treatments, a wider consensus on provision of optimized care and an increased acceptance and capacity to conduct well-designed research are leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients.