Table 5.

Polymeric nanocarrier–based antimalarial formulations

Drug	Formulation	Comments	Reference
Chloroquine	Chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NP)	Resulted in ROS-mediated 34 caspase activation, apoptosis in the liver during Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection. CS-TPP conjugation enhances the protective capacity of the CQ.	[55]
Chloroquine and azithromycin	Nanospheres	Combination therapy exhibits synergistic action against Plasmodium in vitro. The formulation could overcome the problem of drug resistance.	[56]
Bisphosphonates	Carbon nanospheres (CNSs)	Chloroquine conjugated bisphosphonates carbon nanospheres (CNSs) exhibited excessively high antiparasitic activity parasite killing.	[57]
Artemisinin	Dimers and dendrimers	Antimalarial activity of the dimer and dendrimer was investigated in the P. falciparum 3D7 strain and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and found to be the most active compound as compared with artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, and chloroquine. Trimer is most active against HCMV in vitro replication and has a EC50 value of 0.026 μm.	[58]