Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Year | Country/ Region | Study Design | Cause of CA | Age | Gender (male) | Endpoint | Epinephrine dosage | Vasopressin | Range year | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsai et al. | 2019 | Taiwan | Retrospective observational single centre | Nontraumatic OHCA, IHCA | Steroid 67.66 y; Non-steroid 67.51 y | Steroid 59.19%; Non-steroid 59.5% | Survival to discharge, 1-year survival | Steroid 5.68±5.27; Non-steroid 5.72±5.23 | Steroid 0.35%; Non-steroid 0.4% | 2004–2011 | Steroid use was associated with better survival to hospital discharge |
| Zhang et al. | 2015 | China mainland | RCT Single centre | Nontraumatic OHCA, IHCA | 65.7±19.6 y | 35% | ROSC, Survival to discharge | Steroid 9.03; Non-steroid 9.05 | – | 2011–2014 | Glucocorticoid use during CPR was associated with ROSC |
| Niimura et al. | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective observational single centre | OHCA | Steroid 51.43± 14.17 y; Non-steroid 51.30±13.19 y | Steroid 62%; Non-steroid 73% | Survival to discharge, ROSC | – | Steroid 8%; Non-steroid 1% | January 2005 and May 2014 | The results demonstrate a correlation between hydrocortisone administration and the high rate of survival to discharge. |
| Mentzelopoulos et al. | 2013 | Greece | RCT single centre | OHCA, IHCA | Steroid 63.2 y; Non-steroid 62.8 y | Steroid 63.8%; Non-steroid 73.1% | Survival to discharge, ROSC | – | – | September 1, 2008, to October 1, 2010 | Combined vasopressin–epinephrine and methylprednisolone during CPR resulted in improved survival to hospital discharge |
| Yang et al. | 2002 | China mainland | RCT, single centre | OHCAIHCA | 26–76 y | Steroid 57%; Non-steroid 52% | ROSC | – | – | – | Combined vasopressin–epinephrine and methylprednisolone during resuscitation improved ROSC |
| Mu et al. | 2014 | China mainland | Retrospective observationalSingle centre | Nontraumatic OHCA | – | – | ROSC | – | – | October 2004 to July 2005 | Administration of hydrocortisone during resuscitation, particularly within 6 minutes after ED arrival, may be associated with improved ROSC rate in OHCA patients |
| Wei et al. | 2001 | China mainland | RCT, single centre | Nontraumatic OHCA, IHCA | – | – | – | – | Combined vasopressin–epinephrine and methylprednisolone during CPR improved ROSC |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; OHCA, out of hospital cardiac arrest; IHCA, in hospital cardiac arrest.