Table 3.

APED use of competitive bodybuilders versus recreational strength trainers

Characteristics*	Competitive	Recreational	OR (95% CI)	P value
	(n=96)	(n=888)
Lifetime reported use of
Insulin	14 (14.5%)	21 (2.36%)	9.9 (4.7 to 21.1)	<0.001
Human growth hormone	12 (12.5%)	56 (6.3%)	3.2 (1.6 to 6.6)	<0.001
Insulin-like growth factor-1	13 (13.5%)	27 (3.04%)	7.6 (3.6 to 16.1)	<0.001
Clenbuterol	37 (38.5%)	119 (13.4%)	5.4 (3.3 to 8.8)	<0.001
Tri-iodothyronine†	26 (27.1%)	74 (8.33%)	6.4 (3.6 to 11.2)	<0.001
Diuretics‡	5 (5.2%)	12 (1.35%)	5.6 (1.8 to 16.8)	0.002
Spent more than $1000 annually on drugs and supplements	38 (39.6%)	192 (21.6%)	3.0 (1.8 to 4.8)	<0.001

*Data are reported as mean (SD) or n (%) as appropriate.

†Data missing on four recreationals and one competitor.

‡Acetazolamide, furosemide, spironolactone and/or hydrochlorothiazide.

APED, appearance-enhancing and performance-enhancing drug.