Table 1.
Recent data on Schistosoma mansoni vaccine antigen candidates (modified from [53])
| Antigen | Location in adult worm | Identity/function | Immunisation strategy | Adjuvant | Host | Worm burden reduction (%) | Liver egg burden reduction (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sm-p80 | Associated with tegument inner membrane | Calpain-neutral cysteine protease | Recombinant protein | Resiquimod | Mouse | 50 | 16 |
| Primed with pcDNA3 and boosted with recombinant protein | Resiquimod | Mouse | 49 | 30 | |||
| Primed and boosted with recombinant protein | Oligodeoxynucleotide | Mouse | 70 | 75 | |||
| Recombinant protein | Resiquimod | Baboon | 58 | – | |||
| DNA vaccine | – | Baboon | 38–46 | 32–28 | |||
| Fatty acid binding protein (FABP) (Sm14) | Whole body, cytosolic | Absorbs, transports and compartmentalises fatty acids from the host | Recombinant protein | – | Mouse | 67 | – |
| Tetraspanin protein 2 (Sm-TSP2) | Tegument apical membrane | Tetraspanin integral membrane protein | Recombinant protein | Freunds | Mouse | 57 | 64 |
| Recombinant protein | Alum/CpG | Mouse | 25 | 27 | |||
| Glutathione S-transferase (Sh28GST) | Whole body | Enzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism and prostaglandin D2 synthesis | Recombinant protein | Aluminium | Baboon | 0–80 | – |
| Sm29 | Tegument apical membrane | Unknown, but has a C-terminal domain | DNA vaccine with pUMVC3 plasmid | – | Mouse | 17–22 | – |
| Recombinant protein | Complete Freunds and incomplete Freunds | Mouse | 51 | – | |||
| Sm14 + Sm-29 | – | – | Multivalent recombinant proteins | Poly (I;C) | Mouse | 40 | 68 |
| Sm29 + Sm-TSP-2 | – | – | Multivalent DNA vaccine with pUMVC3 plasmid | – | Mouse | 24–32 | – |
| Multivalent Recombinant proteins | CpG-Alum | Mouse | 35 | – | |||
| Oesophageal gland secretion (Sm100.3) | Oesophagus | Digestive tract proteins (oesophageal) | Recombinant proteins | Freunds | Mouse | 25–32 | 33–44 |
| Cathepsin B1(SmCB1) (Combined with SG3PDHa + PRX-MAPb) | Gut (gastrodermis) | Gut protease (cysteine peptidase) | Recombinant proteins | Postulated to have inbuilt adjuvant properties | Mouse | 73 | 83 |
| S. mansoni cathepsin B (Sm-CB) | Gut (gastrodermis) | Gut protease (cysteine peptidase) | Recombinant proteins | CpG oligodeoxynucleotides | Mouse | 59 | 56 |
| Montanide ISA 750 VG | Mouse | 60 | 62 | ||||
| Schistosome cysteine proteinase, asparaginyl endopeptidase (SmAE) (Sm32) | Gut | Gut protease (Asparaginyl peptidase) | DNA vaccine | – | Mouse | No significant reduction | 37 |
| Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (Sm-LAMP) | Gastrodermis | Processing of ingested blood | Recombinant protein | alum-CpG | Mouse | 16–25 | – |
| Dynein light chain proteins | Unknown | Evolutionarily conserved among different organisms | Recombinant protein | Alhydrogel | Mouse | ||
|
-DLC 12 -DLC 13 |
43 51 |
||||||
| S. mansoni Syntenin (SmSynt) | Intestinal tract | Scaffold supporting protein | Recombinant protein | Complete Freunds and incomplete Freunds | Mouse | 30–37 | – |
| Radiation-attenuated cercariae | – | – | UV-attenuated | – | Mouse | 43 | 73 |
| Antioxidants | |||||||
| -Cu/Zn cytosolic superoxide dismutase | – | – | DNA vaccine | – | Mouse | 44–60 | |
| -Signal peptide-containing superoxide dismutase | – | – | DNA vaccine | – | Mouse | 22–45 | |
| -Glutathione peroxidase enzymes | – | – | DNA vaccine | – |
Mouse Baboon |
23–55 17 |
|
aGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
bPeroxiredoxin