Table 1.

Characteristics and differentiation potential of the common different tissue-derived MSCs

Source tissue	Characteristics	Differentiation potential	References
Adipose tissue	CD73, CD90, CD29, CD44, CD71, CD105, CD13, CD166, STRO-1	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast	[29–31]
Amniotic fluid	CD44, CD90, CD105, CD13, CD29, CD71, CD120a	Adipocyte, cardiomyocyte-like cell, chondrocyte, osteoblast	[32, 33]
Bone marrow	CD73, CD90, CD105, STRO-1	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, tenocyte, vascular smooth muscle cell	[34–37]
Dental pulp	CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, neuron-like cell, odontoblast, myogenic lineages	[38–41]
Endometrium	CD29, CD90, CD73, CD105	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast	[42, 43]
Peripheral blood	CD44, CD90, CD105, HLA-ABC	Adipocyte, osteoblast, fibroblast	[44]
Placenta	CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, myotubular cell, pancreatic progenitor cell, neuron-like cell, retinal cell	[45, 46]
Synovium	CD44, CD90, CD105, CD147, STRO-1	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, skeletal muscle cell	[29, 47, 48]
Skin	CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, SSEA-4, Vimentin	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, neuron-like cell, pancreatic cell, endothelial cell	[49–51]
Umbilical cord	CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105	Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast, skeletal muscle cell, endothelial cell, cardiomyocyte-like cell, neuron-like cell	[52, 53]