Table 2.

Summary of some clinical trials with outcomes involving MSC administration

Disease	MSC S ource	Dosage and delivery route	Efficacy	NCT number/reference
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	1 × 106 cells/kg, via 2 repeated intrathecal injections	Delayed disease progression	NCT01363401
	Autologous adipose-derived MSCs	1 × 107 – 1 × 108 cells, via intrathecal injection	No effect	NCT01609283
	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	15 × 106 cells, via intrathecal injection	Variable effects	NCT02881489
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	Injected into the gastroduodenal artery/ pancreaticoduodenal artery	Improvement in daily insulin requirements. Nausea and vomiting were recognized	[119, 120]
	Placental-derived MSCs	1.35 × 106 cells/ kg, 3 intravenous infusions at 1-month intervals	Improvements in C-peptides, HbA1c levels, and insulin dosages. Nausea and vomiting were recognized	[121]
Spinal cord injury	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	8 × 106 cells, via intrathecal administration	Improvement in ASIA score, EMG, and SEP; improvement in MRI imaging	[122]
	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	89.7 × 106 cells, via intra-arterial or intravenous administration	No significant improvement	[123]
	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	1 × 106 cells, via intrathecal administration	Variable patterns of recovery	[124]
	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	7 × 105 to 1.2 × 106 cells, via intrathecal administration	Positive trend, but not statistically significant	[125]
Stroke	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	50–60 × 106 cells, via intravenous administration	No improvement in all clinical scores	[126]
	Autologous bone marrow-derived MSCs	4.57 × 107 MSCs per intravenous infusion were administered amounting to 8.54 × 105 per kilogram body weight at two occasions (4 weeks apart)	Improvements in motor disability and cognitive impairment	[127]
	Umbilical cord-derived MSCs	5 × 106–1 × 107 cells, via intraventricular administration	Safe and feasible	[128]