Table 1.
General characteristics
| Characteristics | Total sample (N = 220) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Median (IQR) | |
| Prenatal characteristics | ||
| Maternal age | 26 (15–46) | |
| Antenatal steroid (≥1 dose) | 152 (69.1) | |
| IUGR | 23 (10.5) | |
| Preeclampsia | 49 (22.3) | |
| Maternal diabetes | 13 (5.9) | |
| Oligohydramnios | 15 (6.8) | |
| Tobacco/alcohol use | 25 (11.4) | |
| Substance use | 38 (17.3) | |
| Prolonged ROM (>18 h) | 36 (16.4) | |
| PPROM | 58 (26.4) | |
| Chorioamnionitis | 26 (11.8) | |
| C-section | 151 (68.6) | |
| Postnatal characteristics | ||
| GA at birth (weeks) | 25 + 6 (22–31 + 0) | |
| Birth weight (grams) | 750 (330–1460) | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 129 (58.6) | |
| Female | 91 (41.4) | |
| Race | ||
| White | 27 (12.3) | |
| African American | 96 (43.6) | |
| Hispanic | 41 (18.6) | |
| Asian | 8 (3.6) | |
| Other | 48 (21.8) | |
| Small for gestational age | 28 (12.7) | |
| Multiple births | 56 (25.5) | |
| APGAR | ||
| 1 min | 4 (0–9) | |
| 5 min | 6.5 (0–9) | |
| 10 min | 7 (1–10) | |
| Morbidity and mortality | ||
| Death | 17 (7.7) | |
| Tracheostomy | 27 (12.3) | |
| Bacteremia | 77 (35.0) | |
| Tracheitis | 88 (40) | |
| Pneumothorax | 21 (9.5) | |
| IVH (Grade 3–4) | 39 (17.7) | |
| NEC (Any stage) | 64 (29.1) | |
| Gastrostomy-tube | 66 (30) | |
| Hemodynamically significant PDA | 109 (49.5) | |
| PDA- Surgical closure | 42 (19.1) | |
| ROP- laser or avastin use | 79 (35.9) | |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | ||
| Mild | 28 (12.7) | |
| Moderate | 21 (9.5) | |
| Severe | 171 (77.7) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | ||
| EPH I (≤7 DOL) | 62 (43) | |
| EPH II (≤14 DOL) | 72 (40.9) | |
| EPH III (<28 DOL) | 85 (44) | |
| LPH (>28 DOL) | 59 (26.8) | |
IQR interquartile range, IUGR intrauterine growth retardation, PPROM preterm premature rupture of the membranes, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage, PVL periventricular leukomalacia, NEC necrotizing enterocolitis, ROP retinopathy of prematurity, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, C-section cesarean section, DOL day of life, EPH early pulmonary hypertension, LPH late pulmonary hypertension