Table 3.
Demographic, comorbidity, and readmission characteristics (by race)
| Asian (N = 985) | Black (N = 36,970) | Hispanic (N = 28,673) | Other (N = 1335) | White (N = 145,007) | Total (N = 212,970) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedure (CPT) | |||||||
| Gastric bypass (43644) | 285 (28.9%) | 8719 (23.6%) | 8196 (28.6%) | 518 (38.8%) | 43,635 (30.1%) | 61,353 (28.8%) | |
| Gastric bypass (43645) | 2 (0.2%) | 194 (0.5%) | 410 (1.4%) | 4 (0.3%) | 688 (0.5%) | 1298 (0.6%) | |
| Sleeve gastrectomy (43775) | 692 (70.3%) | 27,885 (75.4%) | 19,888 (69.4%) | 798 (59.8%) | 99,772 (68.8%) | 149,035 (70.0%) | |
| Duodenal switch (43845) | 6 (0.6%) | 172 (0.5%) | 179 (0.6%) | 15 (1.1%) | 912 (0.6%) | 1284 (0.6%) | |
| Surgical approach | |||||||
| Conventional laparoscopic | 962 (97.7%) | 35,837 (96.9%) | 27,602 (96.3%) | 1281 (96.0%) | 139,021 (95.9%) | 204,703 (96.1%) | |
| Laparoscopic assisted | 23 (2.3%) | 1133 (3.1%) | 1071 (3.7%) | 54 (4.0%) | 5986 (4.1%) | 8267 (3.9%) | |
| 30-day readmission | 38 (3.9%) | 2223 (6.0%) | 1198 (4.2%) | 53 (4.0%) | 6155 (4.2%) | 9667 (4.5%) | |
| Sex (male) | 283 (28.7%) | 5197 (14.1%) | 5760 (20.1%) | 289 (21.6%) | 32,949 (22.7%) | 44,478 (20.9%) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 42.3 (11.2) | 42.8 (10.9) | 40.7 (11.2) | 42.7 (11.1) | 45.9 (12.1) | 44.6 (12.0) | |
| Range | (19.9–73.5) | (18.0–79.6) | (18.0–80.0) | (18.0–76.3) | (18.0–80.0) | (18.0–80.0) | |
| BMI (preoperative), mean (SD) | 43.4 (7.9) | 47.3 (8.8) | 44.9 (7.8) | 47.0 (9.2) | 45.3 (8.0) | 45.6 (8.1) | < 0.00011 |
| Range | (30.0–98.5) | (28.4–147.1) | (27.0–105.5) | (30.3–100.2) | (27.5–121.2) | (27.0–147.1) | |
| BMI (postoperative), mean (SD) | 40.5 (7.2) | 44.5 (8.2) | 42.1 (7.2) | 44.3 (8.7) | 42.6 (7.4) | 42.9 (7.6) | |
| Range | (24.2–95.8) | (19.1–148.6) | (19.3–95.9) | (25.4–95.0) | (18.5–123.7) | (18.5–148.6) | |
| GERD | 202 (20.5%) | 9473 (25.6%) | 7032 (24.5%) | 356 (26.7%) | 50,062 (34.5%) | 67,125 (31.5%) | |
| History of MI | 8 (0.8%) | 379 (1.0%) | 208 (0.7%) | 16 (1.2%) | 2387 (1.6%) | 2998 (1.4%) | |
| Hypertension | 462 (46.9%) | 20,465 (55.4%) | 11,180 (39.0%) | 638 (47.8%) | 73,287 (50.5%) | 106,032 (49.8%) | < 0.00012 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 282 (28.6%) | 7378 (20.0%) | 5313 (18.5%) | 320 (24.0%) | 39,963 (27.6%) | 53,256 (25.0%) | < 0.00012 |
| On dialysis | 5 (0.5%) | 246 (0.7%) | 82 (0.3%) | 8 (0.6%) | 229 (0.2%) | 570 (0.3%) | < 0.00012 |
| Renal insufficiency | 13 (1.3%) | 420 (1.1%) | 134 (0.5%) | 15 (1.1%) | 826 (0.6%) | 1408 (0.7%) | |
| Diabetes | < 0.00012 | ||||||
| Insulin | 123 (12.5%) | 3354 (9.1%) | 2336 (8.1%) | 159 (11.9%) | 13,231 (9.1%) | 19,203 (9.0%) | |
| Non-insulin | 253 (25.7%) | 6655 (18.0%) | 5360 (18.7%) | 280 (21.0%) | 26,016 (17.9%) | 38,564 (18.1%) | |
| Current smoker within 1 year | 94 (9.5%) | 3032 (8.2%) | 2326 (8.1%) | 136 (10.2%) | 13,762 (9.5%) | 19,350 (9.1%) | |
| COPD history | 1 (0.1%) | 596 (1.6%) | 235 (0.8%) | 23 (1.7%) | 3048 (2.1%) | 3903 (1.8%) | < 0.00012 |
| Oxygen dependent | 0 (0.0%) | 245 (0.7%) | 118 (0.4%) | 6 (0.4%) | 1388 (1.0%) | 1757 (0.8%) | |
| Sleep apnea | 386 (39.2%) | 12,923 (35.0%) | 8792 (30.7%) | 547 (41.0%) | 58,347 (40.2%) | 80,995 (38.0%) | |
| Steroid/immunosuppressant use | 14 (1.4%) | 672 (1.8%) | 394 (1.4%) | 32 (2.4%) | 2467 (1.7%) | 3579 (1.7%) | < 0.00012 |
| Albumin lab value, mean (SD) | 4.1 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | 4.1 (0.4) | 4.0 (0.4) | |
| Range | (2.2–5.2) | (1.0–10.0) | (1.0–9.4) | (2.8–7.4) | (1.0–10.0) | (1.0–10.0) | |
| Venous stasis | 13 (1.3%) | 307 (0.8%) | 283 (1.0%) | 29 (2.2%) | 2176 (1.5%) | 2808 (1.3%) | |
| Vein thrombosis | 5 (0.5%) | 638 (1.7%) | 242 (0.8%) | 12 (0.9%) | 2767 (1.9%) | 3664 (1.7%) | |
| History of PE | 3 (0.3%) | 495 (1.3%) | 138 (0.5%) | 8 (0.6%) | 1945 (1.3%) | 2589 (1.2%) | < 0.00012 |
| First assist training level | |||||||
| Attending—other | 45 (4.6%) | 2172 (5.9%) | 2785 (9.7%) | 68 (5.1%) | 7905 (5.5%) | 12,975 (6.1%) | |
| Attending—weight loss surgeon | 185 (18.8%) | 5604 (15.2%) | 4249 (14.8%) | 252 (18.9%) | 24,932 (17.2%) | 35,222 (16.5%) | |
| Minimally invasive surgery fellow | 106 (10.8%) | 3522 (9.5%) | 2953 (10.3%) | 77 (5.8%) | 11,959 (8.2%) | 18,617 (8.7%) | |
| None (scrub tech/RN only) | 106 (10.8%) | 5639 (15.3%) | 3216 (11.2%) | 210 (15.7%) | 23,420 (16.2%) | 32,591 (15.3%) | |
| Physician assistant/nurse practitioner/registered nurse | 390 (39.6%) | 12,666 (34.3%) | 9032 (31.5%) | 626 (46.9%) | 57,636 (39.7%) | 80,350 (37.7%) | |
| Resident (PGY 1–5+) | 153 (15.5%) | 7367 (19.9%) | 6438 (22.5%) | 102 (7.6%) | 19,155 (13.2%) | 33,215 (15.6%) | |
SD standard deviation, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, HLD hyperlipidemia, MI myocardial infarction, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PE pulmonary embolism, PGY postgraduate year
1Kruskal Wallis
2Chi-square