Table 4.
Summary estimates of the performance of physical examination, chest radiography, laboratory values, and CPIS for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, relative to reference standard of bronchoalveolar lavage
| No. of cohorts (patients) | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Diagnostic odds ratio (95% CI) | Positive likelihood ratio (95% CI) | Negative likelihood ratio (95% CI) | GRADE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronchoalveolar lavage reference standard | |||||||
| Purulent secretions | 6 (557) | 87.9 (68.3–96.1) | 38.8 (20.4–61) | 4.61 (2.66–7.99) | 1.44 (1.15–1.8) | 0.31 (0.17–0.58) | Low |
| Infiltrate on chest radiography | 7 (663) | 85.2 (52.9–96.7) | 18.0 (4.7–49.7) | 1.26 (0.76–2.09) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) | 0.82 (0.53–1.28) | Low |
| CPIS > 6 | 5 (397) | 75.4 (38.5–93.7) | 68.3 (42.9–86.1) | 6.59 (0.71–61.33) | 2.38 (0.92–6.13) | 0.36 (0.09–1.41) | Low |
CI = confidence interval; CPIS = Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score; GRADE = Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation