Table 3.

Association of oropharyngeal colostrum with clinical outcomes.

Categories	Variables	Na	Caseb		Pooled data		Heterogeneity
			Present	Absent	OR/MD	P value	I2 (%)	Ph
Late-onset sepsis	Yes vs. no	3	154	175	0.71 [0.40, 1.27]	0.25	0	0.80
Clinical sepsis	Yes vs. no	4	168	165	0.54 [0.19, 1.54]	0.25	63	0.04
Proven sepsis	Yes vs. no	7	322	340	0.64 [0.40, 1.01]	0.06	0	0.97
NEC	Yes vs. o	8	331	346	0.51 [0.26, 0.99]	0.05	0	0.60
BPD	Yes vs. no	4	230	248	0.77 [0.48, 1.24]	0.28	5	0.37
VAP	Yes vs. o	3	183	182	0.39 [0.17, 0.88]	0.02	26	0.26
Death	Yes vs. no	5	239	254	0.60 [0.34, 1.08]	0.09	0	0.68
Length of stay	Days	6	285	305	−4.68 [−12.52, 3.15]	0.24	95	<0.001
Time of full enteral feeding	Days	7	286	299	−2.66 [−4.51, −0.80]	0.005	87	<0.001

OR odds ratio, MD mean difference, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, P p value of pooled HR; I² value of X² based I² statistics, Ph p value of heterogeneity test.

^aNumbers of studies included in the meta-analysis.

^bNumber of patients of included studies.

The bold values are statistically significant.