Table 5.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) from logistic regression analyses predicting death after discharge (n = 187)
| Unadjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex: male vs. female | 0.895 | (0.491, 1.633) | ||
| Age (by 5-year unit) | 1.333 | (1.166, 1.524) | 1.316 | (1.125, 1.538) |
| BMI | 0.987 | (0.966, 1.010) | ||
| Active smoker: (yes vs. no) | 0.371 | (0.182, 0.754) | ||
| Length of admission (days) | 0.959 | (0.926, 0.994) | ||
| Intensive care unit admission | ||||
| (Yes vs. no) | 0.742 | (0.408, 1.352) | ||
| Intubation (yes vs. no)a | 0.280 | (0.126, 0.620) | ||
| Primary admission reason | ||||
| Respiratory failure (yes vs. no) | 1.474 | (0.810, 2.683) | ||
| Pneumonia (yes vs. no) | 1.189 | (0.460, 3.070) | ||
| COPD exacerbation (yes vs. no) | 1.970 | (0.986, 3.936) | ||
| Overdose (yes vs. no) | 0.420 | (0.087, 2.040) | ||
| Sepsis (yes vs. no) | 0.418 | (0.148, 1.175) | ||
| Trauma (yes vs. no) | 0.429 | (0.047, 3.919) | ||
| Cardiac disease (yes vs. no) | 2.632 | (1.368, 5.062) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Myocardial infarction (yes vs. no) | 1.721 | (0.714, 4.144) | ||
| Congestive heart failure (yes vs. no) | 3.124 | (1.622, 6.018) | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease (yes vs. no) | 11.289 | (2.421, 52.634) | 12.562 | (2.348, 67.208) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (yes vs. no) | 2.781 | (0.756, 10.228) | ||
| Chronic pulmonary disease (yes vs. no) | 2.001 | (1.053, 3.801) | ||
| Diabetes with chronic complications (yes vs. no) | 0.709 | (0.358, 1.405) | ||
| Renal disease (yes vs. no) | 2.020 | (0.968, 4.217) | ||
| Pulmonary disease | ||||
| COPD (yes vs. no) | 1.940 | (1.061, 3.548) | ||
| Obesity hyperventilation (yes vs. no) | 1.823 | (0.564, 5.891) | ||
| Asthma (yes vs. no) | 0.671 | (0.247, 1.820) | ||
| Interstitial lung disease (yes vs. no) | 5.446 | (0.555, 53.420) | ||
| Bronchiectasis (including CF) (yes vs. no) | < 0.001 | (< 0.001, > 999) | ||
| Home respiratory support | ||||
| CPAP (yes vs. no) | 0.581 | (0.217, 1.552) | ||
| BIPAP (yes vs. no) | 1.850 | (0.661, 5.177) | ||
| Oxygen | 2.931 | (1.572, 5.464) | 4.029 | (1.893, 8.573) |
| None | 0.503 | (0.275, 0.920) | ||
| Charlson comorbidity indexb | 1.479 | (1.208, 1.811) | 1.388 | (1.094, 1.760) |
| Discharge respiratory support | ||||
| CPAP (yes vs. no) | 1.270 | (0.387, 4.167) | ||
| BIPAP (yes vs. no) | 1.537 | (0.626, 3.774) | ||
| Oxygen (yes vs. no) | 2.308 | (1.253, 4.251) | ||
| None (yes vs. no) | 0.423 | (0.229, 0.783) | ||
| Admission or death due to hypercapnic respiratory failure | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 1.387 | (0.639, 3.010) | ||
| Maybe vs. no | 1.250 | (0.446, 3.500) | ||
| Readmission | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 3.312 | (1.753, 6.257) | 3.066 | (1.461, 6.433) |
| Days until first readmissionc | 0.999 | (0.995, 1.003) | ||
| Number of readmissionsc | 0.937 | (0.767, 1.144) | ||
| Readmission due to hypercapnic respiratory failure | ||||
| Yes vs. no | 3.050 | (1.232, 7.551) | ||
| Maybe vs. no | 0.639 | (0.113, 3.606) | ||
| N/A vs. no | 0.934 | (0.367, 2.373) | ||
| Bicarbonate | ||||
| ≤ 19 vs. 20–29 | 1.413 | (0.326, 6.116) | ||
| 30–39 vs. 20–29 | 2.521 | (1.292, 4.916) | ||
| 40–49 vs. 20–29 | 7.536 | (1.841, 30.854) | ||
| Hemodynamics in first 24 h | ||||
| Most extreme heart rate in first 24 h | ||||
| ≤ 69 vs. 70–119 | 1.537 | (0.616, 3.835) | ||
| ≥ 120 vs. 70–119 | 0.878 | (0.381, 2.026) | ||
| Other vs. MAP ≥ 70 | 2.058 | (1.027, 4.121) | ||
Bold values indicate statistical significance
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
aAmong those admitted to the ICU (n = 105)
bBased on Quan et al. [15]
cAmong those readmitted (n = 98)