Table 6.
Multivariable analysis (Cox regression analysis)
| Variables | Categories | ALL covariates | CFS | Katz | IQ code | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | p-value | HR (95%CI) | p-value | HR (95%CI) | p-value | HR (95%CI) | p-value | ||
| Age | One-point increase | 1.02 (1–1.03) | 0.01 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.006 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.002 | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.003 |
| Habitat (ref = not home) | Own home | 1.01 (0.9–1.14) | 0.83 | 1 (0.89–1.12) | 0.96 | 0.98 (0.87–1.1) | 0.73 | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.43 |
| Gender (ref = male) | Female | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.68 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.67 | 1 (0.9–1.11) | 0.96 | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 0.79 |
| Reason for admission | Combined respiratory/circulatory failure | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.46 | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | 0.46 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 0.34 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 0.37 |
| (Ref = circulatory failure) | Emergency surgery | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | < 0.0001 | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | < 0.0001 | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | < 0.0001 | 0.63 (0.51–0.77) | < 0.001 |
| Multitrauma w/wo head injury | 1.16 (0.81–1.64) | 0.41 | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) | 0.42 | 1.12 (0.79-1.59) | 0.51 | 1.09 (0.77–1.54) | 0.63 | |
| Multitrauma without head injury | 0.86 (0.58–1.29) | 0.46 | 0.87 (0.58–1.29) | 0.48 | 0.83 (0.56–1.23) | 0.35 | 0.78 (0.53–1.16) | 0.23 | |
| Other | 0.81 (0.67–0.97) | 0.025 | 0.81 (0.67–0.98) | 0.03 | 0.8 (0.66–0.97) | 0.02 | 0.79 (0.66–0.96) | 0.016 | |
| Respiratory failure | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.017 | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 0.02 | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 0.02 | 0.82 (0.69–0.98) | 0.03 | |
| Sepsis (according to Sepsis3) | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | 0.0003 | 0.71 (0.59-0.86) | 0.0003 | 0.72 (0.6-0.87) | 0.0005 | 0.71 (0.59-0.86) | 0.0004 | |
| SOFA | One-point increase | 1.15 (1.14–1.17) | < 0.00001 | 1.15 (1.14–1.17) | < 0.00001 | 1.15 (1.14–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1.15 (1.14-1.17) | < 0.00001 |
| CPS | One-point increase | 1 (0.99–1.01) | 0.75 | 1 (0.99–1.01) | 0.74 | 1 (0.99–1.01) | 0.65 | 1.01 (1-1.02) | 0.28 |
| CFS | One point increase | 1.1 (1.05–1.15) | 0.0001 | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | < 0.00001 | ||||
| Katz | One point increase | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.40 | 0.93 (0.9–0.95) | < 0.00001 | ||||
| IQ code | One-point increase | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) | 0.63 | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) | 0.0029 | ||||
| Mean AIC across imputations | 23,993.92 | 23,991.31 | 24,016.93 | 24,025.87 | |||||
HR gives the change in risk of death per each unit increase for continuous variables and for one specific category versus a reference category for categorical variables. HR > 1 suggests an increase in the risk of death, HR < 1 suggests a decrease in the risk of death
SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CFS clinical frailty scale, IQCODE informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly, ADL activity of daily living, CPS Co-morbidity and Polypharmacy score
AIC Akaike’s information criterion. AIC was used across imputations to evaluate the goodness of fit of our models. AIC = − 2 Log likelihood + 2p, where p is the number of parameters