Table 3.

Pre- and post-RSV diagnosis healthcare costs and utilization among Medicare patients with RSV

	Hospitalized high-riska, N = 756			Hospitalized non-high-risk, N = 37
	Pre-index	Post-index	p valueb	Pre-index	Post-index	p valueb
All-cause healthcare utilization mean (SD)
# of inpatient visits	1.2 (1.4)	1.5 (1.4)	< 0.0001*	0.6 (1.2)	1.9 (1.7)	< 0.0001*
# of outpatient visit	17.8 (12.8)	15.2 (13.5)	< 0.0001*	14.2 (10.4)	13.6 (9.0)	0.737
# of pharmacy uses	21.1 (14.7)	16.0 (14.1)	< 0.0001*	15.5 (11.6)	12.8 (8.8)	0.149
Length of stay	9.0 (15.0)	12.2 (19.2)	< 0.0001*	3.1 (7.9)	11.4 (16.5)	0.000*
All-cause healthcare costs mean (SD)
Outpatient costs	$6540 ($10,783)	$5544 ($10,113)	0.003*	$5421 ($0)	$3924 ($4619)	0.252
Inpatient costs	$16,604 ($27,664)	$23,172 ($33,438)	< 0.0001*	$6365 ($14,828)	$21,810 ($26,005)	0.000*
Pharmacy costs	$3776 ($6834)	$3002 ($6445)	< 0.0001*	$1678 ($2244)	$1605 ($2140)	0.760
Other costsc	$4793 ($10,434)	$9205 ($13,619)	< 0.0001*	$3598 ($11,849)	$8866 ($16,311)	0.062
Total costsd	$31,713 ($36,718)	$40,923 ($41,152)	< 0.0001*	$17,063 ($27,446)	$36,204 ($32,597)	0.000*

	Outpatient high-risk, N = 399			Outpatient non-high-risk, N = 436
	Pre-index	Post-index	p valueb	Pre-index	Post-index	p valueb
All-cause healthcare utilization mean (SD)
# of inpatient visits	0.5 (0.9)	0.5 (1.0)	0.967	0.1 (0.4)	0.2 (0.5)	0.028*
# of outpatient visit	15.9 (11.8)	16.6 (11.1)	0.170	10.8 (10.0)	12.3 (9.7)	< 0.0001*
# of pharmacy uses	17.3 (11.3)	18.1 (12.2)	0.110	11.9 (10.0)	12.6 (9.2)	0.029*
Length of stay	3.0 (8.5)	3.1 (10.0)	0.868	0.5 (2.9)	0.9 (3.6)	0.052
All-cause healthcare costs mean (SD)
Outpatient costs	$3886 ($5534)	$3891 ($4888)	0.987	$2452 ($4436)	$2836 ($4603)	0.056
Inpatient costs	$5648 ($15,138)	$5874 ($16,425)	0.831	$922 ($4221)	$1940 ($7027)	0.009*
Pharmacy costs	$2454 ($3590)	$2777 ($6408)	0.225	$2036 ($4138)	$2314 ($5708)	0.260
Other costsc	$2510 ($6686)	$3567 ($8856)	0.020*	$437 ($2250)	$829 ($3628)	0.030*
Total costsd	$14,498 ($21,611)	$16,108 ($23,688)	0.252	$5847 ($9090)	$7919 ($12,976)	0.000*

RSV respiratory syncytial virus, SD standard deviation

*p ≤ 0.05

^aSee “Methods” and “Patient Selection” for high-risk criteria

^bp values were calculated using paired t tests

^cOther costs includes durable medical equipment (DME), home health agency (HHA), hospice, and skilled nursing facility (SNF)

^dTotal costs consists of the sum of inpatient costs, outpatient costs, pharmacy costs, and other costs