Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two study groups
| Parameters N (%); mean ± SD |
Rockall scores ≥ 6 group (n = 70) |
Rockall scores < 6 group (n = 70) |
p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 20 (28.6) | 18 (25.7) | 0.70 |
| Mean age (year) | 70.6 ± 11.9 | 58.1 ± 14.0 | <0.001 |
| Age ≥ 70 year/o | 45 (64.3) | 13 (18.6) | <0.001 |
| Hemodynamic instabilityb | 17 (24.3) | 8 (11.4) | 0.047 |
| Coronary artery disease and/or congestive heart disease | 22 (31.4) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 8 (11.4) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
| End-stage renal disease with maintenance dialysis | 7 (10.0) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
| Malignant diseases, disseminated | 14 (20.0) | 2 (2.9) | 0.001 |
| Lung diseases | 8 (11.4) | 1 (1.14) | 0.03 |
| Nosocomial bleedingc | 12 (17.1) | 1 (1.14) | 0.001 |
| ASA physical status classification (n) | |||
| Class I:II:III:IV | 0:18:46:6 | 27:42:1:0 | <0.001 |
| H. pylori infectiond | 27/64 (42.2) | 43/70 (61.4) | 0.03 |
| NSAID use | 26 (37.1) | 25 (35.7) | 0.86 |
| Anti-platelet agent use | 29 (41.4) | 4 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Mean hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.5 ± 2.3 | 11.0 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin levels < 10.0 g/dL | 51 (72.9) | 24 (34.3) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count < 80 × 109/L | 3 (4.3) | 1 (1.4) | 0.62 |
| PT prolong ≥ 4 s | 6 (8.6) | 1 (1.4) | 0.12 |
| APTT prolong ≥ 1.5-fold | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.4) | 1.0 |
| Serum albumin levels < 3.0 g/dL | 24 (34.3) | 3 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Rockall scoring systeme | |||
| Age 0:1:2 | 16 (22.9):41 (58.6):13 (18.6) | 42 (60.0):23 (32.9):5 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Shock 0:1:2 | 24 (34.3):29 (41.4):17 (24.3) | 33 (47.1):29 (41.4):8 (11.4) | 0.10 |
| Comorbidities 0:2:3 | 1 (1.4):41 (58.6):28 (40.0) | 67 (95.7):3 (4.3):0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis at the primary endoscopy 0:1:2 | 0:70 (100):0 | 0:70 (100):0 | – |
| Major SRHf at the primary endoscopy 0:1:2 | 0:0:70 (100) | 0:0:70 (100) | – |
| The total Rockall scores 3:4:5:6:7:8:9:10 | 0:0:0:21 (30.0):21 (30.0):20 (28.6):7 (10.0):1 (1.4) | 12 (17.1):32 (45.7):26 (37.1):0:0:0:0:0 | <0.001 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time: normal range 26.0–38.0 s. Albumin: normal range 3.5–5.0 g/dL. Hemoglobin: normal range 11.6–14.8 g/dL. Platelet: normal range 151–366 × 109/L. Prothrombin time: normal range 9.4–12.5 s
aThe Student’s t test, a Pearson’s Chi-square test, and the Fisher’s exact test with a 2-tailed analysis were used
bSystolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg on arrival
cNosocomial bleeding was peptic ulcer bleeding that developed more than 24 h after admission
dThe number of patients who received H. pylori infection survey totaled 134
eThe criteria of the Rockall scoring system was shown in Table 1
fMajor SRH includes Forrest Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb. The data are shown in Table 3 in detail
APTT activated partial thromboplastin time; ASA American Society of Anesthesiology; H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori; NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PT prothrombin time; SD standard deviation; SRH stigmata of recent hemorrhage