Table 1.

Major global and regional vector-borne diseases

Disease	Pathogen	Primary vector(s)	Primary non-human reservoir (competent) hosts
Malaria	Plasmodium parasite	Anopheles mosquito	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Dengue*	Flavivirus	Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Yellow fever	Flavivirus	A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes	Non-human primates
Zika	Flavivirus	A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Chikungunya*	Alphavirus	A. aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Lymphatic filariasis*	Various filarial nematodes	A variety of mosquito genera	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Schistosomiasis*	Schistosoma trematode	Snail	Non-human hosts of minor concern
Onchocerciasis*	Onchocerca volvulus nematode	Simulium (black fly)	None
Chagas disease*	Trypanosoma cruzi parasite	Triatomine bug	Mammals
Leishmaniasis*	Leishmania parasite	Sand fly	Rodents, dogs, other mammals
Japanese encephalitis	Flavivirus	Culex mosquitoes	Pigs, birds
African trypanosomiasis*	Trypanosoma brucei parasite	Glossina (tsetse fly)	Wild and domestic animals
Lyme disease	Borrelia spirochete	Ixodes ticks	White-footed mouse and other small mammals, birds
Tick-borne encephalitis	Flavivirus	Ixodes ticks	Small rodents
West Nile fever	Flavivirus	Culex mosquitoes	Birds

Information sourced from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization.

*Considered by the World Health Organization to be neglected tropical diseases (https://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/summary/en/).