Table 5.
Perioperative and aggregate outcomes, case-control matched cohorts
| Surgical approach | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All cases (2288) | Conventional laparoscopic (n = 1144) | Robotic-assisted (n = 1144) | p value | |
| Operative length in minutes (mean ± SD) | 146.6 ± 76.8 | 119.5 ± 64.1 | 173.7 ± 78.9 | < 0.0001 |
| Length of stay in days (mean ± SD) | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 2.3 ± 2.2 | 0.0002 |
| Conversion | 24 (1.1) | 11 (1.0) | 13 (1.1) | 0.70 |
| 30-day outcomes, no. (%) | ||||
| Unplanned ICU admission | 21 (0.9) | 6 (0.5) | 15 (1.3) | 0.05 |
| Reoperation | 74 (3.2) | 32 (2.8) | 42 (3.7) | 0.20 |
| Readmission | 158 (6.9) | 73 (6.4) | 85 (7.4) | 0.30 |
| Intervention | 84 (3.7) | 39 (3.4) | 45 (3.9) | 0.50 |
| Mortality | 5 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 0.70 |
| Related mortality | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0.40 |
| Perioperative complications, no. (%) | ||||
| Renal failure | 1 (0.04) | 1 (0.09) | 0 (0) | 0.3 |
| Progressive renal insufficiency | 2 (0.09) | 1 (0.09) | 1 (0.09) | 1.00 |
| Intra-operative or post-operative CPR | 2 (0.09) | 1 (0.09) | 1 (0.09) | 1.00 |
| Post-operative DVT requiring therapy | 7 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 5 (0.4) | 0.26 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 6 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 1.00 |
| Intra-operative or post-operative transfusion | 22 (1.0) | 11 (1.0) | 11 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| Post-operative pneumonia | 5 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 0.18 |
| On ventilator > 48 h | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 1.00 |
| Unplanned intubation | 9 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 0.74 |
| Post-operative UTI | 12 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 7 (0.6) | 0.56 |
| Post-operative sepsis | 17 (0.7) | 9 (0.8) | 8 (0.7) | 0.81 |
| Post-operative septic shock | 6 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) | 0.41 |
| Superficial SSI | 23 (1.0) | 12 (1.1) | 11 (1.0) | 0.83 |
| Deep SSI | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1.00 |
| Organ space SSI | 25 (1.1) | 13 (1.1) | 12 (1.1) | 0.84 |
| Aggregate complications, no. (%) | ||||
| Leak | 22 (1.0) | 7 (0.6) | 15 (1.3) | 0.09 |
| Bleeding | 15 (0.7) | 4 (0.4) | 11 (1.0) | 0.07 |
| Renal failure | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0.60 |
| VTE | 16 (0.7) | 7 (0.6) | 9 (0.8) | 0.60 |
| Cardiovascular | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.56 |
| Pulmonary | 19 (0.8) | 10 (0.9) | 9 (0.8) | 0.82 |
| SSI | 52 (2.3) | 27 (2.4) | 25 (2.2) | 0.78 |
Bold values represent descriptive statistics or outcomes variables that were significantly different between the study cohorts
SD standard deviation, ICU intensive care unit, CPR cardiopulmonary arrest, CVA cerebrovascular accident, MI myocardial infarction, DVT deep venous thrombosis, UTI urinary tract infection, SSI surgical site infection